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Supplement

Pine Bark Extract (Pycnogenol®)

Procyanidins stimulate endothelial NO synthase, inhibit matrix metalloproteinases, reduce NF-κB activation, enhance hyaluronic acid synthesis in skin, and improve microcirculation.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

Superscript reference numbers link to the Sources bibliography.

Strong Evidence
Heart HealthSkin HairCognitiveInflammationBlood Sugaralias: Pycnogenolalias: French maritime pine barkalias: OPC-3

Composite Rating

3.8/5

Blends evidence depth, community direction, safety friction, and completeness.

Evidence Intensity

100/100

High depth from human/RCT/meta counts

Community Direction

16

Positive Lean • confidence Moderate

Safety Friction

100/100

High signal from adverse/interaction markers

Data Completeness

100%

Studies 24 • mentions 15 • links 166

Not medical advice. This product is for educational and informational purposes only. It does not diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions regarding a medical condition.

FDA disclaimer: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Dietary supplements are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Results may vary. Not intended for use by pregnant or nursing women, individuals under 18, or those with known medical conditions without physician consultation.

If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 or your local emergency number immediately.

Implementation Blueprint

Goal alignment: Heart Health, Skin Hair, Cognitive, Inflammation, Blood Sugar.[135,146,178, etc.]

Dose guide: Human-study daily dose: 125 mg-200 mg/day (higher-confidence extraction from PubMed abstracts)..[135,146,178, etc.]

Category: botanical.[135,146,178, etc.]

Category

Botanical

Evidence Tier

ROBUST

Daily Guide

Human-study daily dose: 125 mg-200 mg/day (higher-confidence extraction from PubMed abstracts).

Dosing Guide

Human-study daily dose: 125 mg-200 mg/day (higher-confidence extraction from PubMed abstracts).[, etc.]

At-A-Glance Evidence Architecture[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

Clinical Depth

Humans: 151 • RCTs: 26 • Meta: 10

Cohort / Real-World

Cohort signals: 0

Safety Markers

Adverse signals: 95 • Interactions: 17

Evidence Tracking

Freshness, trend, and study timeline for this item

Evidence Tracking

Status

New Evidence

Trend

→ Stable evidence base

Depth

209 total studies · 15 recent

Timeline

19992025

Top Signal Metrics[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

Total indexed

209

Human studies

151

Animal-only studies

133

Safety adverse signals

95

In vitro / tissue

69

Randomized trials

26

Community Direction Mix[135,146,178, etc.]

Weighted direction score: 16 (Positive Lean)

Benefit

Evidence Quality Summary[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

≥2 meta-analyses OR (≥5 RCTs AND ≥25 human studies).

Total indexed

209

Human studies

151

Animal-only studies

133

Safety adverse signals

95

In vitro / tissue

69

Randomized trials

26

Interaction signals

17

Meta-analyses

10

Study Type Breakdown

Distribution of evidence by study design strength

Meta-AnalysesLevel 1a10
Randomized TrialsLevel 1b26
Human Studies (other)Level 3-4115
All IndexedAll levels209
100

Evidence Strength: High

Composite of study volume, RCTs, and meta-analyses

Top Human Studies[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

PMID 22336841 • 2012 Feb 15

Pycnogenol(®) for the treatment of chronic disorders.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

Open PubMed

PMID 31763928 • 2020 Mar

Effect of Pycnogenol on Blood Pressure: Findings From a PRISMA Compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Studies.

Angiology

Open PubMed

PMID 40362854 • 2025 Apr 30

Impact of a Dietary Supplementation with French Maritime Pine Bark Extract Pycnogenol(®) on Salivary and Serum Inflammatory Biomarkers During Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy-A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Trial.

Community Report Frequency[135,146,178, etc.]

Benefit reports: 8

Adverse reports: 5

No-effect reports: 0

Mixed reports: 2

Unclear reports: 0

Signal confidence: 0.59

Top Reported Effects[135,146,178, etc.]

Benefits

  • effective: 4
  • benefit: 2
  • better: 2
  • recovery: 1
  • worked: 1
  • sleep: 1
  • helped: 1
  • strength: 1

Adverse

  • anxiety: 2
  • side effects: 1

No Effect

  • placebo: 1

Premium botanical with 100+ published studies. Notable for skin beauty and vascular health. Pycnogenol brand is the gold standard. | Step2: Strong positive empirical sentiment with adequate confidence; boost recommendation priority.

Reddit evidence: 8 mentions (confidence 0.59) across Fitness, Biohackers, NootropicsDepot, Minoxbeards.

Community Evidence Examples[135,146,178, etc.]

post • r/Fitness • adverse

Examine updates: Lots of boner pills When I mean lots, I do mean lots; I sorta went overboard this week. The only 'major' update is yohimbine though, and it is a hard guy to study. [Muira Puama](http://examine.com/supplements/Muira+Puama/)…

Open mention

post • r/Biohackers • mixed

If you were building a “sexual performance stack” from scratch, what’s in it? I’m curious how this sub would architect this from first principles. Not “take Viagra and call it a day.” I mean if you were optimizing the entire sexual respons…

Open mention

post • r/NootropicsDepot • benefit

Nitric Oxide boosters to aid gym and bedroom performance (I tested over 100 - results inside) A while ago I made a post about my NO tests experiments in a "slightly" different sub: Since then I have been testing different combinations to f…

Retail Signal Examples

amazon

Amazon search for Pine Bark Extract (Pycnogenol®)

Rating: n/a | Reviews: n/a

Open product

Primary Source Links

Evidence Sources

  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22pycnogenol%22)%20AND%20(supplement*%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20supplementation%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20intake%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20dietary%20supplements%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D)
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22pycnogenol%22)%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D%20AND%20(supplement*%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20supplementation%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20intake%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20dietary%20supplements%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D)
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22pycnogenol%22)%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D%20AND%20(supplement*%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20supplementation%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20intake%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20dietary%20supplements%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D)%20AND%20randomized%20controlled%20trial%5BPublication%20Type%5D

Scientific Evidence Notes[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

1. Pycnogenol and cardiovascular risk: MA of 9 RCTs

META_ANALYSIS • 2012 • Adults

9 RCTs with 549 subjects.

Outcome: Pycnogenol 100-200 mg/day significantly reduced SBP (−3.2 mmHg), improved endothelial function, reduced LDL oxidation, and lowered fasting glucose.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

Open source
2. Pycnogenol and skin aging: a randomized study

RCT • 2012 • Adults

62 postmenopausal women over 12 weeks.

Outcome: 100 mg/day significantly improved skin elasticity (+25%), hydration, and reduced hyperpigmentation (−37%) by enhancing hyaluronic acid synthesis.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

1339,
1365,
1378

Safety and Pitfalls

  • Well-tolerated. Contains OPCs similar to grape seed extract. Pycnogenol is a branded, well-studied extract format.[135,146,178, etc.]
  • Potential side effect: headache[135,146,178, etc.]
  • Potential side effect: GI discomfort[135,146,178, etc.]
  • Potential side effect: dizziness (rare)[135,146,178, etc.]
  • Use caution with condition: autoimmune disease (theoretical)[135,146,178, etc.]
  • Interaction check: immunosuppressants[135,146,178, etc.]
  • Interaction check: anticoagulants[135,146,178, etc.]
8 (53%)
Adverse5 (33%)
No Effect0 (0%)
Mixed2 (13%)

Nutrients

Open PubMed

PMID 29018060 • 2018 Feb

Dietary supplements for treating osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

British journal of sports medicine

Open PubMed

PMID 15764035 • 2004 Jul

Supplementation with Evelle improves skin smoothness and elasticity in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 62 women.

The Journal of dermatological treatment

Open PubMed

PMID 33809656 • 2021 Mar 16

Efficacy of Functional Foods, Beverages, and Supplements Claiming to Alleviate Air Travel Symptoms: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Nutrients

Open PubMed

PMID 33789311 • 2021

Oral Pycnogenol® Intake Benefits the Skin in Urban Chinese Outdoor Workers: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, and Crossover Intervention Study.

Skin pharmacology and physiology

Open PubMed

PMID 22513958 • 2012 Apr 18

Pycnogenol® (extract of French maritime pine bark) for the treatment of chronic disorders.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

Open PubMed

PMID 28153005 • 2017 Feb 2

Effects of an L-arginine-based multi ingredient product on endothelial function in subjects with mild to moderate hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial.

BMC complementary and alternative medicine

Open PubMed

PMID 39987124 • 2025 Feb 22

Does supplementation with pine bark extract improve cardiometabolic risk factors? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMC complementary medicine and therapies

Open PubMed

PMID 20549654 • 2010 Aug

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory study to evaluate the potential of pycnogenol for improving allergic rhinitis symptoms.

Phytotherapy research : PTR

Open PubMed

PMID 17703218 • 2008 Mar-Apr

Improvement of erectile function with Prelox: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.

International journal of impotence research

Open PubMed

PMID 23447917 • 2013 Jan-Feb

Effect of low-dose French maritime pine bark extract on climacteric syndrome in 170 perimenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

The Journal of reproductive medicine

Open PubMed

PMID 19142978 • 2009 Mar

Improvement of seminal parameters with Prelox: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial.

Phytotherapy research : PTR

Open PubMed

PMID 18567279 • 2008 May

French maritime pine bark extract significantly lowers the requirement for analgesic medication in dysmenorrhea: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

The Journal of reproductive medicine

Open PubMed

PMID 30770070 • 2019 Feb

The Potential Role of Arginine Supplements on Erectile Dysfunction: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The journal of sexual medicine

Open PubMed

PMID 31637782 • 2020 Jan

Effect of pycnogenol supplementation on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Phytotherapy research : PTR

Open PubMed

PMID 31585179 • 2019 Dec

Effects of pycnogenol on cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Pharmacological research

Open PubMed

PMID 30456865 • 2019 Feb

The impact of pycnogenol supplementation on plasma lipids in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Phytotherapy research : PTR

Open PubMed

PMID 24346156 • 2014 May

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of pycnogenol on plasma lipids.

Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics

Open PubMed

PMID 14659974 • 2004 Jan 2

Pycnogenol, French maritime pine bark extract, improves endothelial function of hypertensive patients.

Life sciences

Open PubMed

PMID 15363656 • 2004 Oct 8

Antidiabetic effect of Pycnogenol French maritime pine bark extract in patients with diabetes type II.

Life sciences

Open PubMed

PMID 18019397 • 2007 Jun-Aug

Urinary catecholamines in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): modulation by a polyphenolic extract from pine bark (pycnogenol).

Nutritional neuroscience

Open PubMed

PMID 19076553 • 2008 Nov

Nutritional supplementation for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)

Open PubMed

Amazon signal: 0 products scanned (confidence 0.00).

GNC signal: 0 products scanned (confidence 0.00) [ERROR].

terminated

Search fetch failed: Failed to fetch after retries: https://old.reddit.com/search.json?raw_json=1&sort=relevance&t=year&limit=12&q=%22pycnogenol%22%20(supplement%20OR%20dosage%20OR%20stack%20OR%20side%20effects%20OR%20review)%20(subreddit%3ASupplements%20OR%20subreddit%3ANootropics%20OR%20subreddit%3ABiohackers%20OR%20subreddit%3Alongevity%20OR%20subreddit%3ANutrition%20OR%20subreddit%3AHubermanLab%20OR%20subreddit%3ASleep%20OR%20subreddit%3AFitness%20OR%20subreddit%3Aketoscience%20OR%20subreddit%3AStackAdvice)

Use adverse/interactions PubMed signal counts for screening; perform clinician review before high-dose or multi-drug stack use.

Human-study daily dose signal: 125 mg-200 mg/day (confidence HIGH).

Extracted from 6 dosing mentions across 5 PubMed studies (mg/day).

Open mention

post • r/Minoxbeards • benefit

MEGA Post- I use Minox, Dermaroll, Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), Tretinoin [Vitamin A], Vitamin C, Hyaluronic Acid, Peppermint, L-carnitine L-tartrate (LCLT), and Creatine ------ Also Discuss Keratin, Collagen, DHT Blockers [Rosemary, Te…

Open mention

post • r/30PlusSkinCare • benefit

OMG THIS STUFF WORKED! (Updates on omnilux, supplements, etc) Hey! So quick background before the rest of post. I am 33 and have been into skincare for over a decade. I've used tretinoin and adapelene for 11 years, and coupled it with some…

Open mention

post • r/30PlusSkinCare • benefit

Favourite & least favourite products from the ordinary Wanted to just start a little discussion board about your favourites from the ordinary and how they benefit you/your least favourites and why they’re not ideal for you. It seems to be …

Open mention

post • r/SkincareAddiction • benefit

[Sun Care][Review] 15 Sunscreens for Sensitive Skin at Low Price Point (with Photos + Research!) - PART TWO **15 Sunscreens for Sensitive Skin at Low Price Point (with Photos + Research!) - PART TWO** I'm back for ROUND TWO of sunscreens, …

Open mention

post • r/covidlonghaulers • mixed

why isn't pycnogenol recommended more often? according to [this study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34060731/), patients taking pycnogenol over 3 months showed: -significantly improved endothelial function -an improvement of the capilla…

Open mention

comment • r/Fitness • unclear

I'd put my faith in a Pycnogenol+Citrulline combo if its organic erectile dysfunction (due to blood circulation being poor, having the desire for sexy time but not being able to get it up) and if its psychogenic erectile dysfunction (psych…

Open mention
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22pycnogenol%22)%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D%20AND%20(supplement*%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20supplementation%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20intake%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20dietary%20supplements%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D)%20AND%20meta-analysis%5BPublication%20Type%5D
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22pycnogenol%22)%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D%20AND%20(supplement*%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20supplementation%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20intake%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20dietary%20supplements%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D)%20AND%202018%3A3000%5Bpdat%5D
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22336841/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31763928/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40362854/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29018060/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15764035/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33809656/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33789311/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22513958/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28153005/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39987124/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20549654/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17703218/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23447917/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19142978/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18567279/
  • Community Sources

    • https://old.reddit.com/search.json?raw_json=1&sort=relevance&t=year&limit=12&q=%22pycnogenol%22%20(supplement%20OR%20dosage%20OR%20stack%20OR%20side%20effects%20OR%20review)%20(subreddit%3ASupplements%20OR%20subreddit%3ANootropics%20OR%20subreddit%3ABiohackers%20OR%20subreddit%3Alongevity%20OR%20subreddit%3ANutrition%20OR%20subreddit%3AHubermanLab%20OR%20subreddit%3ASleep%20OR%20subreddit%3AFitness%20OR%20subreddit%3Aketoscience%20OR%20subreddit%3AStackAdvice)
    • https://old.reddit.com/search.json?raw_json=1&sort=comments&t=all&limit=16&q=%22pycnogenol%22%20(supplement%20OR%20capsule%20OR%20powder%20OR%20experience%20OR%20results%20OR%20side%20effects)
    • https://old.reddit.com/r/Fitness/comments/13ibxb/examine_updates_lots_of_boner_pills/.json?raw_json=1&sort=top&limit=25
    • https://old.reddit.com/r/Biohackers/comments/1rdmi9i/if_you_were_building_a_sexual_performance_stack/.json?raw_json=1&sort=top&limit=25
    • https://old.reddit.com/r/NootropicsDepot/comments/1adygnx/nitric_oxide_boosters_to_aid_gym_and_bedroom/.json?raw_json=1&sort=top&limit=25
    • https://www.reddit.com/search/?q=Pine%20Bark%20Extract%20(Pycnogenol%C2%AE)
    Open source
    3. Pycnogenol and cognitive function in healthy professionals: an RCT

    RCT • 2015 • Adults

    60 healthy professionals aged 35-55.

    Outcome: 150 mg/day for 12 weeks improved cognitive function scores (+8.9%), attention, executive function, and sustained mental performance.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    4. PubMed evidence summary: Pycnogenol

    PUBMED • Humans + preclinical triage

    Counts aggregated from automated literature sweep and tiering rules.

    Outcome: Tier HIGH; humans 151, RCTs 26, meta-analyses 10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    5. Pycnogenol(®) for the treatment of chronic disorders.

    PUBMED • 2012 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 22336841 from The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    6. Effect of Pycnogenol on Blood Pressure: Findings From a PRISMA Compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Studies.

    PUBMED • 2020 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 31763928 from Angiology.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    7. Impact of a Dietary Supplementation with French Maritime Pine Bark Extract Pycnogenol(®) on Salivary and Serum Inflammatory Biomarkers During Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy-A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Trial.

    PUBMED • 2025 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 40362854 from Nutrients.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    8. Dietary supplements for treating osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    PUBMED • 2018 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 29018060 from British journal of sports medicine.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    9. Supplementation with Evelle improves skin smoothness and elasticity in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 62 women.

    PUBMED • 2004 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 15764035 from The Journal of dermatological treatment.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    10. Efficacy of Functional Foods, Beverages, and Supplements Claiming to Alleviate Air Travel Symptoms: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

    PUBMED • 2021 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 33809656 from Nutrients.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    11. Oral Pycnogenol® Intake Benefits the Skin in Urban Chinese Outdoor Workers: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, and Crossover Intervention Study.

    PUBMED • 2021 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 33789311 from Skin pharmacology and physiology.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    12. Pycnogenol® (extract of French maritime pine bark) for the treatment of chronic disorders.

    PUBMED • 2012 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 22513958 from The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    13. Effects of an L-arginine-based multi ingredient product on endothelial function in subjects with mild to moderate hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial.

    PUBMED • 2017 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 28153005 from BMC complementary and alternative medicine.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    14. Does supplementation with pine bark extract improve cardiometabolic risk factors? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

    PUBMED • 2025 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 39987124 from BMC complementary medicine and therapies.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    15. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory study to evaluate the potential of pycnogenol for improving allergic rhinitis symptoms.

    PUBMED • 2010 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 20549654 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    16. Improvement of erectile function with Prelox: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.

    PUBMED • 2008 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 17703218 from International journal of impotence research.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    17. Effect of low-dose French maritime pine bark extract on climacteric syndrome in 170 perimenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

    PUBMED • 2013 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 23447917 from The Journal of reproductive medicine.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    18. Improvement of seminal parameters with Prelox: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial.

    PUBMED • 2009 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 19142978 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    19. French maritime pine bark extract significantly lowers the requirement for analgesic medication in dysmenorrhea: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

    PUBMED • 2008 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 18567279 from The Journal of reproductive medicine.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    20. The Potential Role of Arginine Supplements on Erectile Dysfunction: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.

    PUBMED • 2019 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 30770070 from The journal of sexual medicine.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    21. Effect of pycnogenol supplementation on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

    PUBMED • 2020 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 31637782 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    22. Effects of pycnogenol on cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

    PUBMED • 2019 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 31585179 from Pharmacological research.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    23. The impact of pycnogenol supplementation on plasma lipids in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

    PUBMED • 2019 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 30456865 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    24. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of pycnogenol on plasma lipids.

    PUBMED • 2014 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 24346156 from Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    25. Pycnogenol, French maritime pine bark extract, improves endothelial function of hypertensive patients.

    PUBMED • 2004 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 14659974 from Life sciences.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    26. Antidiabetic effect of Pycnogenol French maritime pine bark extract in patients with diabetes type II.

    PUBMED • 2004 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 15363656 from Life sciences.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    27. Urinary catecholamines in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): modulation by a polyphenolic extract from pine bark (pycnogenol).

    PUBMED • 2007 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 18019397 from Nutritional neuroscience.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    28. Nutritional supplementation for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.

    PUBMED • 2008 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 19076553 from Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists).

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    29. Pycnogenol, French maritime pine bark extract, augments endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans.

    RCT • 2007 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 18037769 from Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension.

    Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    30. A randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of Pycnogenol and Bacopa CDRI08 herbal medicines on cognitive, cardiovascular, and biochemical functioning in cognitively healthy elderly people: the Australian Research Council Longevity Intervention (ARCLI) study protocol (ANZCTR12611000487910).

    RCT • 2012 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 22390677 from Nutrition journal.

    Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.8/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    31. Reduction of cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with type 2 diabetes by Pycnogenol supplementation.

    RCT • 2008 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 19083426 from Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.).

    Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.8/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    32. Daily consumption of Reliv Glucaffect for 8 weeks significantly lowered blood glucose and body weight in 50 subjects.

    RCT • 2009 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 19405040 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.

    Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.8/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    33. Pycnogenol supplementation as an adjunct treatment for antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction.

    RCT • 2019 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 30888217 from Physiology international.

    Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    34. Natural polyphenols improve erectile function and lipid profile in patients suffering from erectile dysfunction.

    RCT • 2019 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 31855055 from Bratislavske lekarske listy.

    Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    35. Evaluation of the effects of pycnogenol (French maritime pine bark extract) supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and nutritional and clinical status in traumatic brain injury patients in an intensive care unit: A randomized clinical trial protocol.

    RCT • 2020 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 32046747 from Trials.

    Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    36. Cellular pharmacodynamic effects of Pycnogenol® in patients with severe osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled pilot study.

    RCT • 2017 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 29246219 from BMC complementary and alternative medicine.

    Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    37. Effect of Pycnogenol® on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

    RCT • 2017 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 28351412 from Trials.

    Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    38. Sperm quality in men is improved by supplementation with a combination of L-arginine, L-citrullin, roburins and Pycnogenol®.

    RCT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 25531191 from Minerva urologica e nefrologica = The Italian journal of urology and nephrology.

    Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    39. A dietary supplement improves facial photoaging and skin sebum, hydration and tonicity modulating serum fibronectin, neutrophil elastase 2, hyaluronic acid and carbonylated proteins.

    RCT • 2015 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 25732262 from Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology.

    Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    40. Circulating levels of reactive oxygen species in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and the influence of antioxidant supplementation: 6-month follow-up.

    RCT • 2015 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 25686055 from Indian journal of ophthalmology.

    Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    41. Pycnogenol® improves cognitive function, attention, mental performance and specific professional skills in healthy professionals aged 35-55.

    RCT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 24675223 from Journal of neurosurgical sciences.

    Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    42. The COFU3 Study. Improvement in cognitive function, attention, mental performance with Pycnogenol® in healthy subjects (55-70) with high oxidative stress.

    RCT • 2015 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 26635191 from Journal of neurosurgical sciences.

    Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    43. A controlled study shows daily intake of 50 mg of French Pine Bark Extract (Pycnogenol®) lowers plasma reactive oxygen metabolites in healthy smokers.

    RCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 24008606 from Minerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    44. Treatment of ADHD with French maritime pine bark extract, Pycnogenol.

    RCT • 2006 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 16699814 from European child & adolescent psychiatry.

    Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    45. Prevention of venous thrombosis and thrombophlebitis in long-haul flights with pycnogenol.

    RCT • 2004 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 15497024 from Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis.

    Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    46. Evaluation of the effects of supplementation with Pycnogenol® on fitness in normal subjects with the Army Physical Fitness Test and in performances of athletes in the 100-minute triathlon.

    RCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 24247188 from The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness.

    Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 7.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    47. Solar ultraviolet-induced erythema in human skin and nuclear factor-kappa-B-dependent gene expression in keratinocytes are modulated by a French maritime pine bark extract.

    RCT • 2001 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 11163532 from Free radical biology & medicine.

    Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 7.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    48. Supplementation with a pine bark extract rich in polyphenols increases plasma antioxidant capacity and alters the plasma lipoprotein profile.

    RCT • 2002 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 12530550 from Lipids.

    Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.8/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    49. An examination of the effects of the antioxidant Pycnogenol on cognitive performance, serum lipid profile, endocrinological and oxidative stress biomarkers in an elderly population.

    RCT • 2008 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 18701642 from Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England).

    Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.8/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    50. Normalization of cardiovascular risk factors in peri-menopausal women with Pycnogenol®.

    RCT • 2017 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 28116886 from Minerva ginecologica.

    Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    51. Supplementation with Pycnogenol® improves signs and symptoms of menopausal transition.

    RCT • 2011 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 22108479 from Panminerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    52. Pycnogenol® supplementation improves cognitive function, attention and mental performance in students.

    RCT • 2011 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 22108481 from Panminerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    53. Clinical assessment of a supplement of Pycnogenol® and L-arginine in Japanese patients with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction.

    RCT • 2012 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 21618639 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.

    Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    54. Pycnogenol® effects on skin elasticity and hydration coincide with increased gene expressions of collagen type I and hyaluronic acid synthase in women.

    RCT • 2012 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 22270036 from Skin pharmacology and physiology.

    Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    55. Pycnogenol® supplementation improves health risk factors in subjects with metabolic syndrome.

    RCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 23359520 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.

    Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    56. Pycnogenol alleviates pain associated with pregnancy.

    RCT • 2006 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 16521117 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.

    Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    57. Pycnogenol may alleviate adverse effects in oncologic treatment.

    RCT • 2008 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 18927527 from Panminerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    58. Inhibition of smoking-induced platelet aggregation by aspirin and pycnogenol.

    RCT • 1999 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 10498385 from Thrombosis research.

    Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    59. Pycnogenol does not impact the antioxidant or vitamin C status of healthy young adults.

    RCT • 2003 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 12525796 from Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

    Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    60. Treatment of erectile dysfunction with pycnogenol and L-arginine.

    RCT • 2003 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 12851125 from Journal of sex & marital therapy.

    Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    61. Lady Prelox® improves sexual function in generally healthy women of reproductive age.

    RCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 24051943 from Minerva ginecologica.

    Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    62. Effects of Mirtogenol on ocular blood flow and intraocular hypertension in asymptomatic subjects.

    RCT • 2008 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 18618008 from Molecular vision.

    Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    63. Sickle cell anemia: a potential nutritional approach for a molecular disease.

    RCT • 2000 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 10793299 from Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.).

    Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    64. Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 activity by plasma of human volunteers after ingestion of French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol).

    RCT • 2006 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 16330178 from Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie.

    Outcome: Study design: CONTROLLED_TRIAL. Quality score: 6.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    65. Improvements in edema and microcirculation in chronic venous insufficiency with Pycnogenol® or elastic compression.

    COHORT • 2024 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 38953757 from Minerva surgery.

    Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.8/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    66. Supplementary management of symptomatic hand osteoarthritis with Pycnogenol®.

    COHORT • 2024 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 38980278 from Minerva surgery.

    Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.8/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    67. Skin Health from the Inside Out.

    PUBMED • 2020 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 31905017 from Annual review of food science and technology.

    Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 5.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    68. Chronic venous insufficiency and venous microangiopathy: management with compression and Pycnogenol®.

    COHORT • 2019 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 31347820 from Minerva cardioangiologica.

    Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    69. Pycnogenol®+Centellicum®, post-stent evaluation: prevention of neointima and plaque re-growth.

    COHORT • 2019 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 31850725 from Minerva cardioangiologica.

    Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    70. Keloidal penile fibrosis: improvements with Centellicum® (Centella asiatica) and Pycnogenol® supplementation: a pilot registry.

    COHORT • 2020 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 32199407 from Panminerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    71. Recurrent retinal vein thrombosis: prevention with Aspirin, Pycnogenol®, ticlopidine, or sulodexide.

    COHORT • 2019 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 30964246 from Minerva cardioangiologica.

    Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    72. Supplementary management with Pycnogenol® in patients with lupus vasculitis in remission phases: a pilot, concept registry study.

    COHORT • 2020 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 32429631 from Minerva cardioangiologica.

    Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    73. Pycnogenol®: supplementary management of symptomatic osteoarthritis with a patch. An observational registry study.

    COHORT • 2019 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 30561176 from Minerva endocrinologica.

    Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    74. Improvement in signs and symptoms in psoriasis patients with Pycnogenol® supplementation.

    COHORT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 24637472 from Panminerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    75. Improvement in symptoms and cochlear flow with pycnogenol in patients with Meniere's disease and tinnitus.

    COHORT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 24988090 from Minerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    76. Pycnogenol® and Centella Asiatica for asymptomatic atherosclerosis progression.

    COHORT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 24452082 from International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology.

    Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    77. Recurrence of retinal vein thrombosis with Pycnogenol® or Aspirin® supplementation: a registry study.

    COHORT • 2015 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 25971329 from Panminerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    78. Psychiatric Disorders and Polyphenols: Can They Be Helpful in Therapy?

    PUBMED • 2015 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 26180581 from Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity.

    Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 5.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    79. Long-haul flights, edema, and thrombotic events: prevention with stockings and Pycnogenol® supplementation (LONFLIT Registry Study).

    COHORT • 2018 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 29512362 from Minerva cardioangiologica.

    Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    80. Pycnogenol® and Centella asiatica in the management of asymptomatic atherosclerosis progression.

    COHORT • 2015 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 25519846 from International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology.

    Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    81. Efficacy of Pycnogenol® supplementation in remission phases of Sjögren syndrome.

    COHORT • 2018 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 30328688 from Minerva cardioangiologica.

    Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    82. Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of maritime pine bark extract (pycnogenol) after oral administration to healthy volunteers.

    COHORT • 2006 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 16887024 from BMC clinical pharmacology.

    Outcome: Study design: COHORT. Quality score: 5.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    83. Plant-derived natural agents as dietary supplements for the regulation of glycosylated hemoglobin: A review of clinical trials.

    PUBMED • 2020 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 30797623 from Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland).

    Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 5.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    84. Pycnogenol® improves cognitive function in post-stroke patients: a 6 month-study.

    PUBMED • 2024 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 38299491 from Journal of neurosurgical sciences.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 5.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    85. Pycnogenol® supplementation alleviates symptoms of Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment.

    PUBMED • 2022 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 36153882 from Journal of neurosurgical sciences.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 5.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    86. Supplementary management with Pycnogenol® in Parkinson's disease to prevent cognitive impairment.

    PUBMED • 2020 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 31957998 from Journal of neurosurgical sciences.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 5.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    87. Pycnogenol® supplementation in minimal cognitive dysfunction.

    PUBMED • 2018 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 29754480 from Journal of neurosurgical sciences.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 5.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    88. Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. II. Review of 93 intervention studies.

    PUBMED • 2005 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 15640487 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.

    Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 5.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    89. Mirtogenol® supplementation in association with dorzolamide-timolol or latanoprost improves the retinal microcirculation in asymptomatic patients with increased ocular pressure.

    PUBMED • 2017 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 29131240 from European review for medical and pharmacological sciences.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 5.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    90. Rationale for Dietary Antioxidant Treatment of ADHD.

    PUBMED • 2018 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 29587355 from Nutrients.

    Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.9/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    91. Xerostomia and prevention of dryness with a Pycnogenol® mouth spray: a pilot study.

    PUBMED • 2024 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 37162467 from Minerva gastroenterology.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.9/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    92. Pycnogenol: a blend of procyanidins with multifaceted therapeutic applications?

    PUBMED • 2010 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 20598812 from Fitoterapia.

    Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.8/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    93. A Literature Review of Pharmacological Agents to Improve Venous Leg Ulcer Healing.

    PUBMED • 2020 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 33166265 from Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice.

    Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.7/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    94. Which supplements can I recommend to my osteoarthritis patients?

    PUBMED • 2018 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 29506080 from Rheumatology (Oxford, England).

    Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    95. Pycnogenol® in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders.

    PUBMED • 2015 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 25931421 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.

    Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    96. Pycnogenol® in chronic venous insufficiency and related venous disorders.

    PUBMED • 2014 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 23775628 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.

    Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    97. Natural Products for Promoting Joint Health and Managing Osteoarthritis.

    PUBMED • 2018 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 30232562 from Current rheumatology reports.

    Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    98. French Maritime Pine Bark Extract (Pycnogenol®) Effects on Human Skin: Clinical and Molecular Evidence.

    PUBMED • 2016 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 26492562 from Skin pharmacology and physiology.

    Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    99. Review on Sustained Relief of Osteoarthritis Symptoms with a Proprietary Extract from Pine Bark, Pycnogenol.

    PUBMED • 2018 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 28836883 from Journal of medicinal food.

    Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    100. Ferulic acid excretion as a marker of consumption of a French maritime pine (Pinus maritima) bark extract.

    PUBMED • 2000 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 10889455 from Free radical biology & medicine.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    101. Acute antioxidant supplementation improves endurance performance in trained athletes.

    PUBMED • 2012 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 22242733 from Research in sports medicine (Print).

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.6/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    102. Nutrient supplementation approaches in the treatment of ADHD.

    PUBMED • 2009 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 19344299 from Expert review of neurotherapeutics.

    Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    103. Nutritional supplements and their effect on glucose control.

    PUBMED • 2012 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 23393691 from Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

    Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    104. Toll-Like Receptor-Dependent Immunomodulatory Activity of Pycnogenol(®).

    PUBMED • 2019 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 30678156 from Nutrients.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    105. Zinopin--the rationale for its use as a food supplement in Traveller's thrombosis and motion sickness.

    PUBMED • 2004 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 15478211 from Phytotherapy research : PTR.

    Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    106. A review on biological, nutraceutical and clinical aspects of French maritime pine bark extract.

    PUBMED • 2011 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 21044675 from Journal of ethnopharmacology.

    Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    107. A review of the French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol), a herbal medication with a diverse clinical pharmacology.

    PUBMED • 2002 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 11996210 from International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.

    Outcome: Study design: NARRATIVE_REVIEW. Quality score: 4.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    108. The Australian Research Council Longevity Intervention (ARCLI) study protocol (ANZCTR12611000487910) addendum: neuroimaging and gut microbiota protocol.

    PUBMED • 2019 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 30611275 from Nutrition journal.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.5/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    109. Pycnogenol® prevents skin hyperpigmentation following sclerotherapy.

    PUBMED • 2024 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 38592434 from Minerva surgery.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    110. Pycnogenol® supplementation to relieve symptoms after hemorrhoidectomy.

    PUBMED • 2024 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 38847768 from Minerva surgery.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    111. Supplementary management of chronic Lyme disease with Pycnogenol®.

    PUBMED • 2025 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 40371616 from Minerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    112. Supplementation with Pycnogenol® relieves symptoms of chronic inflammatory diseases with a significant vasculitis component: a pilot registry study.

    PUBMED • 2025 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 40163019 from Minerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    113. Pycnogenol® + Centellicum® supplementation improves skin elasticity and microperfusion. Implication for surgical patients: a conceptual registry study.

    PUBMED • 2024 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 39259143 from Minerva surgery.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    114. Positive effects of Pycnogenol®-Centellicum® on venous elasticity: an ex-vivo concept study.

    PUBMED • 2023 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 37534931 from Minerva surgery.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    115. Periostial and cartilage morphology in knee osteoarthritis: beneficial effects of supplementation with Pycnogenol® + Centellicum®.

    PUBMED • 2024 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 38381030 from Minerva surgery.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    116. Association between use of specialty dietary supplements and C-reactive protein concentrations.

    PUBMED • 2012 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 23139249 from American journal of epidemiology.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    117. Prevention and control of jet lag symptoms and temporary impairment of cognitive function with Pycnogenol® in healthy individuals and in hypertensives.

    PUBMED • 2024 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 38197571 from Minerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    118. Pycnogenol® relieves chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) in diabetics: a supplement registry study.

    PUBMED • 2025 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 39259145 from Minerva surgery.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    119. Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) in diabetics: supplementation with Pycnogenol®+Centellicum® prevents edema and the evolution of microangiopathy.

    PUBMED • 2023 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 37382514 from Minerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    120. Development and validation of a LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of phenolic compounds in human saliva after intake of a procyanidin-rich pine bark extract.

    PUBMED • 2024 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 38101241 from Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.3/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    121. Pycnogenol®-Centellicum® supplementation improves lung fibrosis and post-COVID-19 lung healing.

    PUBMED • 2022 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 34180638 from Minerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    122. Pycnogenol® supplementation prevents inflammation and symptoms in recurrent, non-severe urinary infections.

    PUBMED • 2021 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 34738775 from Panminerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    123. Central cardiovascular calcifications: supplementation with Pycnogenol® and Centellicum®: variations over 12 months.

    PUBMED • 2020 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 31633315 from Minerva cardioangiologica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    124. Primary benign back pain: supplementation with Pycnogenol®.

    PUBMED • 2021 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 34915691 from Panminerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    125. Xerostomia: prevention with Pycnogenol® supplementation: a pilot study.

    PUBMED • 2019 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 32052619 from Minerva stomatologica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    126. Restless legs syndrome: prevention with Pycnogenol® and improvement of the venoarteriolar response.

    PUBMED • 2022 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 35815767 from Panminerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    127. Management of mild, primary Raynaud Syndrome: supplementation with Pycnogenol®.

    PUBMED • 2019 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 31637898 from Minerva cardioangiologica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    128. Idiopathic myalgic pain (fibromyalgia): supportive management and prevention with Pycnogenol®.

    PUBMED • 2021 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 33541059 from Panminerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    129. Dietary Ingredients as an Alternative Approach for Mitigating Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Evidence-Based Recommendations for Practice and Research in the Military.

    PUBMED • 2019 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 30986309 from Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.).

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    130. Pleiotropic Effects of French Maritime Pine Bark Extract to Promote Healthy Aging.

    PUBMED • 2019 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 30215292 from Rejuvenation research.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    131. Chronic venous insufficiency and microangiopathy: supplementation with Pycnogenol® reduces the progression of venous disease in women.

    PUBMED • 2022 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 36533666 from Panminerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    132. Episodic primary migraine headache: supplementary prophylaxis with Pycnogenol® prevents attacks and controls oxidative stress.

    PUBMED • 2020 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 31670494 from Panminerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    133. Delayed progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events in asymptomatic patients with atherosclerotic plaques: 3-year prevention with the supplementation with Pycnogenol®+Centellicum®.

    PUBMED • 2020 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 31625707 from Minerva cardioangiologica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    134. Preventive effects of Pycnogenol® on cardiovascular risk factors (including endothelial function) and microcirculation in subjects recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

    PUBMED • 2022 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 34060731 from Minerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    135. Prevention of vaginal dryness in perimenopausal women. Supplementation with Lady Prelox®.

    PUBMED • 2019 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 32064827 from Minerva ginecologica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    136. Pycnogenol® prevents oxidative stress and side effects in patients with hypothyroidism during levothyroxine treatment.

    PUBMED • 2019 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 31099529 from Minerva endocrinologica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    137. PycnoRacer®, a fitness drink including Pycnogenol®, improves recovery and training in the Cooper test.

    PUBMED • 2019 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 32043843 from Panminerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    138. Improvement in cardiovascular risk markers by the combined effect of natural polyphenols and vitamins in patients after kidney transplantation.

    PUBMED • 2022 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 35294211 from Bratislavske lekarske listy.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.2/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    139. Benign prostatic hypertrophy: Pycnogenol® supplementation improves prostate symptoms and residual bladder volume.

    PUBMED • 2018 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 29947491 from Minerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    140. Pycnogenol® and Centella asiatica to prevent asymptomatic atherosclerosis progression in clinical events.

    PUBMED • 2017 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 26505327 from Minerva cardioangiologica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    141. Carotid plaque stabilization induced by the supplement association Pycnogenol® and centella asiatica (Centellicum®).

    PUBMED • 2016 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 26496510 from Minerva cardioangiologica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    142. Behçet syndrome: effects of Pycnogenol® supplementation during regression phases.

    PUBMED • 2018 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 29975020 from Minerva cardioangiologica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    143. Pycnogenol® supplementation improves the control of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms.

    PUBMED • 2018 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 29737150 from Panminerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    144. Pro‑apoptotic effects of pycnogenol on HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells.

    PUBMED • 2015 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 25625225 from International journal of oncology.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    145. Improvement of seminal quality and sexual function of men with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia syndrome following supplementation with L-arginine and Pycnogenol®.

    PUBMED • 2015 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 26428638 from Archivio italiano di urologia, andrologia : organo ufficiale [di] Societa italiana di ecografia urologica e nefrologica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    146. Improvement of common cold with Pycnogenol®: a Winter registry study.

    PUBMED • 2014 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 25424463 from Panminerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    147. Effects of Pycnogenol® on endothelial dysfunction in borderline hypertensive, hyperlipidemic, and hyperglycemic individuals: the borderline study.

    PUBMED • 2015 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 25391252 from International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    148. Profiling a gut microbiota-generated catechin metabolite's fate in human blood cells using a metabolomic approach.

    PUBMED • 2015 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 26025814 from Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.1/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    149. A novel therapeutic strategy for Ehlers-Danlos syndrome based on nutritional supplements.

    PUBMED • 2005 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 15607555 from Medical hypotheses.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.0/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    150. French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol®) and the use of health supplements in the age of personalized medicine.

    PUBMED • 2011 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 22108470 from Panminerva medica.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.0/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    151. The anti-inflammatory pharmacology of Pycnogenol in humans involves COX-2 and 5-LOX mRNA expression in leukocytes.

    PUBMED • 2009 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 19508901 from International immunopharmacology.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.0/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    152. Pycnogenol induces differentiation and apoptosis in human promyeloid leukemia HL-60 cells.

    PUBMED • 2005 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 15863210 from Leukemia research.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.0/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    153. The role of food supplements in the treatment of the infertile man.

    PUBMED • 2003 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 14656398 from Reproductive biomedicine online.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.0/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    154. Kyolic and Pycnogenol increase human growth hormone secretion in genetically-engineered keratinocytes.

    PUBMED • 2002 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 12127300 from Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society.

    Outcome: Study design: OTHER. Quality score: 4.0/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source
    155. Weight training and appropriate nutrient supplementation as an alternative method to pharmacological treatment in rehabilitation of post-myocardial infarction patients.

    MECHANISTIC • 2012 • PubMed indexed study

    PMID 23020020 from Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM.

    Outcome: Study design: CASE_REPORT. Quality score: 3.8/10.[1339,1365,1378, etc.]

    Open source