Supplement
Circadian signaling hormone to support sleep onset timing.[2074,3732,3789, etc.]
Superscript reference numbers link to the Sources bibliography.
Composite Rating
Blends evidence depth, community direction, safety friction, and completeness.
Evidence Intensity
100/100
High depth from human/RCT/meta counts
Community Direction
-6
Mixed / Neutral • confidence Minimal
Safety Friction
100/100
High signal from adverse/interaction markers
Data Completeness
100%
Studies 15 • mentions 5 • links 25
Not medical advice. This product is for educational and informational purposes only. It does not diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions regarding a medical condition.
FDA disclaimer: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Dietary supplements are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Results may vary. Not intended for use by pregnant or nursing women, individuals under 18, or those with known medical conditions without physician consultation.
If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 or your local emergency number immediately.
Goal alignment: Sleep, Jet Lag.[568,716,940, etc.]
Dose guide: Human-study daily dose: 1 mg/day (early-confidence extraction from PubMed abstracts)..[568,716,940, etc.]
Category
Other
Evidence Tier
HIGH
Daily Guide
Human-study daily dose: 1 mg/day (early-confidence extraction from PubMed abstracts).
Clinical Depth
Humans: 1,337 • RCTs: 189 • Meta: 65
Cohort / Real-World
Cohort signals: 0
Safety Markers
Adverse signals: 2,551 • Interactions: 2,412
Freshness, trend, and study timeline for this item
Status
Trend
→ Stable evidence base
Depth
3009 total studies · 8 recent
Timeline
Animal-only studies
14,218
In vitro / tissue
3,750
Total indexed
3,009
Safety adverse signals
2,551
Interaction signals
2,412
Human studies
1,337
Weighted direction score: -6 (Mixed / Neutral)
High when >=2 human meta-analyses, or >=5 human RCTs with substantial human literature volume.
Animal-only studies
14,218
In vitro / tissue
3,750
Total indexed
3,009
Safety adverse signals
2,551
Interaction signals
2,412
Human studies
1,337
Randomized trials
189
Meta-analyses
65
Distribution of evidence by study design strength
Evidence Strength: High
Composite of study volume, RCTs, and meta-analyses
PMID 33417003 • 2022 Jan
Effect of melatonin supplementation on sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
J Neurol
Open PubMedPMID 33441476 • 2022 Apr
Efficacy of dietary supplements on improving sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Postgrad Med J
Open PubMedPMID 39019217 • 2024 Aug
Antioxidants and Fertility in Women with Ovarian Aging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Adv Nutr
Open PubMedPMID 40662882 • 2025 Sep 1
Melatonin Use in the ICU: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Crit Care Med
Open PubMedPMID 32851663 • 2020 Aug 27
Antioxidants for female subfertility.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
Open PubMedPMID 39972597 • 2025 Dec
Effects of different dietary supplements on athletic performance in soccer players: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr
Open PubMedPMID 36430967 • 2022 Nov 21
Essential Hypertension and Oxidative Stress: Novel Future Perspectives.
Int J Mol Sci
Open PubMedPMID 39534260 • 2024
Effects of magnesium and potassium supplementation on insomnia and sleep hormones in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
Open PubMedPMID 22038497 • 2012 Dec
Effect of tart cherry juice (Prunus cerasus) on melatonin levels and enhanced sleep quality.
Eur J Nutr
Open PubMedPMID 37899385 • 2024 Jan
Standardized Extract of Valeriana officinalis Improves Overall Sleep Quality in Human Subjects with Sleep Complaints: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Study.
Adv Ther
Open PubMedPMID 38309227 • 2024 Mar
The impact of 5-hydroxytryptophan supplementation on sleep quality and gut microbiota composition in older adults: A randomized controlled trial.
Clin Nutr
Open PubMedPMID 33048904 • 2020 Dec
The Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Sleep Quality and Assessment of the Serum Melatonin in ICU Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Crit Care Med
Open PubMedPMID 34970669 • 2022 Aug 1
Nutritional Supplements and Complementary Therapies in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Adv Nutr
Open PubMedPMID 36235587 • 2022 Sep 22
Is Melatonin the "Next Vitamin D"?: A Review of Emerging Science, Clinical Uses, Safety, and Dietary Supplements.
Nutrients
Open PubMedPMID 39125311 • 2024 Jul 26
Mitigating Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review of Supplementation and Dietary Protocols.
Nutrients
Open PubMedBenefit reports: 2
Adverse reports: 2
No-effect reports: 0
Mixed reports: 1
Unclear reports: 0
Signal confidence: 0.00
Benefits
Adverse
No Effect
Empirical reports favor lower doses over high-dose gummies. | Step2: Insufficient empirical signal for a directional adjustment.
Reddit evidence: 0 mentions (confidence 0.00).
Amazon signal: 0 products scanned (confidence 0.00).
GNC signal: 0 products scanned (confidence 0.00) [BLOCKED].
PerimeterX / captcha block encountered.
Search fetch failed: Failed to fetch after retries: https://old.reddit.com/search.json?raw_json=1&sort=relevance&t=year&limit=12&q=%22melatonin%22%20(supplement%20OR%20dosage%20OR%20stack%20OR%20side%20effects%20OR%20review)%20(subreddit%3ASupplements%20OR%20subreddit%3ANootropics%20OR%20subreddit%3ABiohackers%20OR%20subreddit%3Alongevity%20OR%20subreddit%3ANutrition%20OR%20subreddit%3AHubermanLab%20OR%20subreddit%3ASleep%20OR%20subreddit%3AFitness%20OR%20subreddit%3Aketoscience%20OR%20subreddit%3AStackAdvice)
Fallback search failed: Failed to fetch after retries: https://old.reddit.com/search.json?raw_json=1&sort=comments&t=all&limit=16&q=%22melatonin%22%20(supplement%20OR%20capsule%20OR%20powder%20OR%20experience%20OR%20results%20OR%20side%20effects)
Broad search failed: Failed to fetch after retries: https://old.reddit.com/search.json?raw_json=1&sort=new&t=all&limit=16&q=melatonin
Use adverse/interactions PubMed signal counts for screening; perform clinician review before high-dose or multi-drug stack use.
Human-study daily dose signal: 1 mg/day (confidence LOW).
Extracted from 1 dosing mentions across 1 PubMed studies (mg/day).
Imported legacy community score: 8.0/10 (heuristic mapping confidence 1.00).
Imported legacy monthly cost signal: ~$6.00.
Legacy community note: Universally known and widely used. Community strongly advocates for lower doses (0.3-1mg) vs common commercial doses (5-10mg). Users report better sleep with less morning grogginess at low doses. Extended-release forms popular.
aggregate • unclear
Aggregate community signal: 5 directional mentions (benefit 2, adverse 2, no-effect 0, mixed 1).
Open mentionamazon
Amazon search for Melatonin
Rating: n/a | Reviews: n/a
Open productEvidence Sources
Community Sources
META_ANALYSIS • 2024 • Adults
Wide human evidence base.
Outcome: Reduces sleep onset latency with variable effect size.[2074,3732,3789, etc.]
PUBMED • Humans + preclinical triage
Counts aggregated from automated literature sweep and tiering rules.
Outcome: Tier HIGH; humans 1337, RCTs 189, meta-analyses 65.[2074,3732,3789, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2022 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 33417003 from J Neurol.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2074,3732,3789, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2022 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 33441476 from Postgrad Med J.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2074,3732,3789, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2024 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 39019217 from Adv Nutr.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2074,3732,3789, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2025 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 40662882 from Crit Care Med.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2074,3732,3789, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2020 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 32851663 from Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2074,3732,3789, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2025 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 39972597 from J Int Soc Sports Nutr.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2074,3732,3789, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2022 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 36430967 from Int J Mol Sci.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2074,3732,3789, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2024 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 39534260 from Front Endocrinol (Lausanne).
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2074,3732,3789, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2012 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 22038497 from Eur J Nutr.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2074,3732,3789, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2024 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 37899385 from Adv Ther.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2074,3732,3789, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2024 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 38309227 from Clin Nutr.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2074,3732,3789, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2020 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 33048904 from Crit Care Med.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2074,3732,3789, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2022 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 34970669 from Adv Nutr.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2074,3732,3789, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2022 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 36235587 from Nutrients.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2074,3732,3789, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2024 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 39125311 from Nutrients.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2074,3732,3789, etc.]
Open source