Supplement
Macular carotenoids that filter blue light and protect retinal cells from oxidative damage; also accumulate in brain tissue.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Superscript reference numbers link to the Sources bibliography.
Composite Rating
Blends evidence depth, community direction, safety friction, and completeness.
Evidence Intensity
100/100
High depth from human/RCT/meta counts
Community Direction
39
Positive Lean • confidence Minimal
Safety Friction
100/100
High signal from adverse/interaction markers
Data Completeness
100%
Studies 24 • mentions 12 • links 296
Not medical advice. This product is for educational and informational purposes only. It does not diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions regarding a medical condition.
FDA disclaimer: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Dietary supplements are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Results may vary. Not intended for use by pregnant or nursing women, individuals under 18, or those with known medical conditions without physician consultation.
If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 or your local emergency number immediately.
Goal alignment: Eye Health, Brain Health, Skin Hair.[556,703,928, etc.]
Dose guide: 10 mg lutein + 2 mg zeaxanthin/day (AREDS2 doses).[556,703,928, etc.]
Category
Botanical
Evidence Tier
ROBUST
Daily Guide
10 mg lutein + 2 mg zeaxanthin/day (AREDS2 doses)
Clinical Depth
Humans: 1,510 • RCTs: 266 • Meta: 51
Cohort / Real-World
Cohort signals: 0
Safety Markers
Adverse signals: 214 • Interactions: 468
Freshness, trend, and study timeline for this item
Status
Trend
→ Stable evidence base
Depth
2136 total studies · 23 recent
Timeline
Total indexed
2,136
Human studies
1,510
Animal-only studies
987
In vitro / tissue
848
Interaction signals
468
Randomized trials
266
Weighted direction score: 39 (Positive Lean)
≥2 meta-analyses OR (≥5 RCTs AND ≥25 human studies).
Total indexed
2,136
Human studies
1,510
Animal-only studies
987
In vitro / tissue
848
Interaction signals
468
Randomized trials
266
Safety adverse signals
214
Meta-analyses
51
Distribution of evidence by study design strength
Evidence Strength: High
Composite of study volume, RCTs, and meta-analyses
PMID 40292760 • 2025 Apr 28
Lutein and zeaxanthin for reducing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
Open PubMedPMID 33998846 • 2022
Carotenoids supplementation and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition
Open PubMedPMID 25515572 • 2014 Dec 16
Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation and association with visual function in age-related macular degeneration.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
Benefit reports: 8
Adverse reports: 3
No-effect reports: 0
Mixed reports: 1
Unclear reports: 0
Signal confidence: 0.00
Benefits
Adverse
No Effect
Essential for screen-heavy lifestyles. Best absorbed with fat. | Step2: Aggregated empirical signal from 2 mapped records.
Reddit evidence: 0 mentions (confidence 0.00).
Amazon signal: 0 products scanned (confidence 0.00).
aggregate • benefit
Aggregate community signal: 12 directional mentions (benefit 8, adverse 3, no-effect 0, mixed 1).
Open mentionamazon
Amazon search for Lutein + Zeaxanthin
Rating: n/a | Reviews: n/a
Open productEvidence Sources
RCT • 2013 • Adults
4203 participants at risk for advanced AMD.
Outcome: Lutein 10 mg + zeaxanthin 2 mg substituted for beta-carotene in AREDS formulation reduced advanced AMD risk by an additional 18% in the lowest lutein quintile.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2017 • Adults
20 RCTs with 938 subjects.
Outcome: Lutein 10-20 mg/day significantly increased MPOD (+0.09 log units), improved contrast sensitivity, and reduced photo-stress recovery time.[1340,,, etc.]
PMID 27356952 • 2016 Nov
Association between intake of antioxidants and pancreatic cancer risk: a meta-analysis.
International journal of food sciences and nutrition
Open PubMedPMID 17943768 • 2007 Oct 17
Dietary advice for reducing cardiovascular risk.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
Open PubMedPMID 17923720 • 2007 Oct 13
Dietary antioxidants and primary prevention of age related macular degeneration: systematic review and meta-analysis.
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
Open PubMedPMID 23543514 • 2013 Mar 28
Dietary advice for reducing cardiovascular risk.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
Open PubMedPMID 24318424 • 2013 Dec 6
Dietary advice for reducing cardiovascular risk.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
Open PubMedPMID 22696317 • 2012 Jun 13
Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age-related macular degeneration.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
Open PubMedPMID 28756617 • 2017 Jul 30
Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age-related macular degeneration.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
Open PubMedPMID 28756618 • 2017 Jul 31
Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
Open PubMedPMID 25251377 • 2014
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on neural processing speed and efficiency.
PloS one
Open PubMedPMID 25468896 • 2014 Dec 2
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on photostress recovery, glare disability, and chromatic contrast.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
Open PubMedPMID 24047757 • 2014 Feb
Effects of lutein and lycopene on carotid intima-media thickness in Chinese subjects with subclinical atherosclerosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
The British journal of nutrition
Open PubMedPMID 37094947 • 2023 Dec 11
Effect of xanthophyll-rich food and supplement intake on visual outcomes in healthy adults and those with eye disease: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials.
Nutrition reviews
Open PubMedPMID 38287248 • 2024 Jan 29
Not all carotenoids can reduce the risk of gastric cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
BMC gastroenterology
Open PubMedPMID 36986186 • 2023 Mar 17
Effects of Astaxanthin, Lutein, and Zeaxanthin on Eye-Hand Coordination and Smooth-Pursuit Eye Movement after Visual Display Terminal Operation in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Intergroup Trial.
Nutrients
Open PubMedPMID 37242207 • 2023 May 16
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of β-Cryptoxanthin Supplementation in Healthy Women: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.
Nutrients
Open PubMedPMID 30624584 • 2019 Jan 1
Dietary vitamin and carotenoid intake and risk of age-related cataract.
The American journal of clinical nutrition
Open PubMedPMID 34034049 • 2021 Oct 30
Green leafy vegetable and lutein intake and multiple health outcomes.
Food chemistry
Open PubMedPMID 31887124 • 2019
Effects of lutein supplementation in age-related macular degeneration.
PloS one
Open PubMedPMID 35030236 • 2022 Oct 2
Dietary Antioxidants and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
Open PubMedPMID 33979433 • 2021 Oct 1
Dietary Intake and Circulating Concentrations of Carotenoids and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Observational Studies.
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
Open PubMedPMID 34157098 • 2021 Dec 1
The Effect of Lutein/Zeaxanthin Intake on Human Macular Pigment Optical Density: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
Open PubMedGNC signal: 0 products scanned (confidence 0.00) [ERROR].
terminated
Search fetch failed: Failed to fetch after retries: https://old.reddit.com/search.json?raw_json=1&sort=relevance&t=year&limit=12&q=%22lutein%22%20(supplement%20OR%20dosage%20OR%20stack%20OR%20side%20effects%20OR%20review)%20(subreddit%3ASupplements%20OR%20subreddit%3ANootropics%20OR%20subreddit%3ABiohackers%20OR%20subreddit%3Alongevity%20OR%20subreddit%3ANutrition%20OR%20subreddit%3AHubermanLab%20OR%20subreddit%3ASleep%20OR%20subreddit%3AFitness%20OR%20subreddit%3Aketoscience%20OR%20subreddit%3AStackAdvice)
Fallback search failed: Failed to fetch after retries: https://old.reddit.com/search.json?raw_json=1&sort=comments&t=all&limit=16&q=%22lutein%22%20(supplement%20OR%20capsule%20OR%20powder%20OR%20experience%20OR%20results%20OR%20side%20effects)
Broad search failed: Failed to fetch after retries: https://old.reddit.com/search.json?raw_json=1&sort=new&t=all&limit=16&q=lutein
Use adverse/interactions PubMed signal counts for screening; perform clinician review before high-dose or multi-drug stack use.
Human-study daily dose signal: 2 mg-350 mg/day (confidence HIGH).
Extracted from 10 dosing mentions across 3 PubMed studies (mg/day).
Community Sources
META_ANALYSIS • 2019 • Adults
11 studies with 4584 older adults.
Outcome: Higher lutein status associated with better cognition (processing speed, memory); supplementation improved categorical fluency and domain-specific performance.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • Humans + preclinical triage
Counts aggregated from automated literature sweep and tiering rules.
Outcome: Tier HIGH; humans 2481, RCTs 420, meta-analyses 84.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2025 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 40292760 from The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2022 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 33998846 from Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2014 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 25515572 from Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2016 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 27356952 from International journal of food sciences and nutrition.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2007 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 17943768 from The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2007 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 17923720 from BMJ (Clinical research ed.).
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2013 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 23543514 from The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2013 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 24318424 from The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2012 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 22696317 from The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2017 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 28756617 from The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2017 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 28756618 from The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2014 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 25251377 from PloS one.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2014 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 25468896 from Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2014 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 24047757 from The British journal of nutrition.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2023 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 37094947 from Nutrition reviews.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2024 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 38287248 from BMC gastroenterology.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2023 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 36986186 from Nutrients.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2023 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 37242207 from Nutrients.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2019 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 30624584 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2021 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 34034049 from Food chemistry.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2019 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 31887124 from PloS one.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2022 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 35030236 from Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.).
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2021 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 33979433 from Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.).
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2021 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 34157098 from Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.).
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 31800007 from Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.).
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.8/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2025 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 40522203 from The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 9.8/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 32998324 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 9.8/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2023 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 37702300 from The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 9.8/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 29149368 from European journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2016 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 25726725 from Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland).
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2016 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 26762372 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 27591863 from European journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 30239557 from Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.).
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 26349405 from The British journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24920270 from Nutrition journal.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 9.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 21899805 from The British journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23842458 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 22760559 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2008 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 18689373 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23362045 from Annals of neurology.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 26691378 from The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 9.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2024 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 38363462 from Advances in therapy.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 9.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2022 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 36296956 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2023 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 37364683 from The Journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 9.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2016 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 27420092 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.4/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2024 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 38582248 from Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.).
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 9.4/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24356061 from Neuroepidemiology.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.4/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2016 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 27283141 from Epidemiology and health.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.4/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2025 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 41406156 from PloS one.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 9.4/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 28102098 from Integrative cancer therapies.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 9.4/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 27662341 from The British journal of dermatology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 9.4/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 29332050 from Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 9.4/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 25228440 from The British journal of ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 9.4/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2023 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 36336325 from Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.3/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2024 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 37191618 from Journal of the American Nutrition Association.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.3/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23360692 from Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.).
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 9.3/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2011 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 21942614 from The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 9.3/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2011 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 22027699 from Optometry (St. Louis, Mo.).
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 9.3/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2003 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 12507634 from Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.).
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 9.3/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2002 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 11914107 from Clinical science (London, England : 1979).
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 9.3/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2021 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 34339943 from Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 9.3/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2022 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 35389473 from Nutrition reviews.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 9.3/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 32859309 from Clinical nutrition ESPEN.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 9.3/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2022 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 32041442 from The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.2/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 29151374 from The British journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 9.2/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2016 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 28531562 from Clinical nutrition ESPEN.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 9.2/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 27911854 from Oncotarget.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 30190194 from Clinical breast cancer.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24150707 from Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 25358528 from Ophthalmic research.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 28011986 from Annals of hematology.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 29439339 from Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23052623 from European journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 9.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2024 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 40134251 from International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 9.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2025 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 41515122 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 9.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23679292 from Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.0/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 21901390 from Breast cancer research and treatment.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.0/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2008 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 18075744 from Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.0/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 32764462 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 9.0/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2021 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 34371951 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 9.0/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 32120794 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 9.0/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2021 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 34204051 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 9.0/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 30158488 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 8.9/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2025 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 41342624 from Translational vision science & technology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.8/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2025 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 39964702 from Food & function.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.8/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2025 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 40601523 from Journal of medicinal food.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.8/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2021 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 34579067 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.8/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2025 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 39804624 from Journal of medicinal food.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 8.8/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2023 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 36575624 from The British journal of ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 8.8/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2024 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 39229651 from Food & function.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 8.8/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2025 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 39436867 from Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 8.8/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2024 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 38717910 from Seminars in ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 8.8/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2022 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 34995151 from Seminars in ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 8.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2022 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 35653117 from JAMA ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 31382835 from Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2022 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 36624951 from Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition).
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 29135938 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 31243641 from Advances in therapy.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2022 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 35752349 from Physiology & behavior.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 8.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 31605782 from Pharmacological research.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 8.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2022 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 36008007 from Methods in enzymology.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 8.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2022 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 35695158 from Acta ophthalmologica.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 8.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 28973076 from JAMA ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 26720458 from Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 25074771 from Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24876916 from Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23992556 from International journal of food sciences and nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 26305649 from JAMA.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 28198205 from Nutritional neuroscience.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24638908 from JAMA internal medicine.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 28431432 from Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 25525163 from Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24310343 from JAMA ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 27935602 from Eye (London, England).
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 8.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23644932 from JAMA.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2006 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 17122107 from Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2011 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 21897013 from Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2009 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 19364976 from Circulation.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23645227 from JAMA ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2011 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 21873668 from Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2006 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 17122108 from Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 30950580 from Molecular nutrition & food research.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2008 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 18510807 from Nutritional neuroscience.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23519529 from JAMA ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2002 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 12076551 from Lancet (London, England).
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2011 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 21979997 from Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23132800 from Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24200934 from Journal of oleo science.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23385792 from Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2025 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 40412614 from Clinical nutrition ESPEN.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.4/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2025 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 39426460 from The Journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.4/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2023 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 36804322 from The Journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.4/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2023 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 37247819 from The Journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.4/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 25483230 from Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.4/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2022 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 34999335 from Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland).
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.3/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 32249850 from Scientific reports.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.3/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2021 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 33298201 from The British journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.3/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 30680611 from Brain imaging and behavior.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.3/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 32083646 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.3/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2006 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 16759390 from BMC ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.3/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 33077817 from Scientific reports.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.3/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 22835510 from American journal of ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.3/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2004 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 15117055 from Optometry (St. Louis, Mo.).
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.3/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 28651681 from The British journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.2/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 28429904 from Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.2/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24899160 from The Journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.2/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24073964 from The British journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.2/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 26451726 from PloS one.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.2/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 28560503 from European journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.2/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2016 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 26081648 from European journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.2/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24808487 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.2/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24991045 from The Journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.2/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24675775 from PloS one.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.2/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 28031191 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.2/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2024 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 39770987 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2024 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 39599758 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2023 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 37447152 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 1998 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 9924266 from The British journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2004 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 15213039 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2009 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 19786379 from Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2000 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 10731502 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2003 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 12514275 from The Journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2008 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 18469279 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2010 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 19447020 from The Journal of nutritional biochemistry.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2002 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 12080400 from European journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24009749 from PloS one.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2007 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 17268417 from European journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2008 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 18294739 from Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland).
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2006 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 16988134 from The Journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2005 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 15930452 from The Journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2002 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 12468605 from The Journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2011 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 21144093 from The British journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2003 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 12947433 from European journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2005 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 16002805 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2008 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 18320254 from European journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2009 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 18986598 from The British journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2001 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 11360129 from European journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23084077 from The British journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 22313522 from The British journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24130354 from Diabetes care.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2004 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 15054430 from European journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2000 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 10799382 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 1999 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 10500017 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2009 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 19586568 from The British journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2010 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 19369056 from The Journal of nutritional biochemistry.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2024 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 38794653 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2004 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 14985215 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2006 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 16400064 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2007 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 17284750 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2004 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 15230994 from The British journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 33256220 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.0/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 33255561 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.0/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 33339438 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.0/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2022 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 35334836 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.0/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 30932775 from International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.0/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2021 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 34959963 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.0/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2021 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 33920232 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.0/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 31284490 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.0/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 32698457 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.0/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 31197107 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.0/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceMETA_ANALYSIS • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 32147057 from Complementary therapies in medicine.
Outcome: Study design: META_ANALYSIS. Quality score: 9.2/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 29846169 from Health technology assessment (Winchester, England).
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 9.2/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2021 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 34527222 from Journal of nutritional science.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 29053808 from Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2011 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 21169874 from Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 22879423 from Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2009 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 19657294 from Medicine and science in sports and exercise.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceSYSTEMATIC_REVIEW • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 22268800 from Acta ophthalmologica.
Outcome: Study design: SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW. Quality score: 8.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23218821 from Ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.3/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 30915444 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.3/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 29185931 from The British journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.2/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2004 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 15137922 from The British journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23211762 from The British journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 1998 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 9734742 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 1997 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 9250116 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2009 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 19587126 from The Journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2001 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 11481400 from The Journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2006 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 16614398 from The Journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2001 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 11385058 from The Journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2005 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 15713002 from Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2011 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 20727238 from The British journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2003 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 12612143 from The Journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2006 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 16870004 from The British journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 1995 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 7598056 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2002 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 12395217 from European journal of nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 1994 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 7985637 from The American journal of clinical nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.1/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2020 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 33114566 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 8.0/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24621122 from Ophthalmic epidemiology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.9/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 30044439 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.9/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 26165176 from Cancer epidemiology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.9/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2025 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 39025435 from Ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.8/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2024 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 38890092 from Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.8/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2000 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 10750670 from Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.8/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2003 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 12814997 from Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.8/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2007 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 17932348 from Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.8/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 21729475 from Public health nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.8/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 1993 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 8467249 from Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.8/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23363992 from Nutrients.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.8/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2021 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 32858063 from Ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2022 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 36093704 from Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 31358387 from Ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2022 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 35044504 from Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2021 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 33740332 from Voprosy pitaniia.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2019 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 31425700 from Physiology & behavior.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2021 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 33888136 from Trials.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.7/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 28695791 from Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2016 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 27312122 from Journal of cosmetic dermatology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 28079755 from Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.).
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2016 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 26988845 from Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 25815324 from BioMed research international.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 25972257 from Ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 25976647 from Eye (London, England).
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 28336284 from Journal francais d'ophtalmologie.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 28836851 from Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.).
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2014 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24887490 from Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.).
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 25408222 from Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2016 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 27004617 from Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2015 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 25311651 from Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 28323947 from The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 29153456 from Ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2016 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 27426932 from Experimental eye research.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2017 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 28271618 from Acta ophthalmologica.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2018 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 29313753 from Journal of the American College of Nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.6/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 22840421 from Ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2007 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 17724493 from Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 22858124 from Ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 22003960 from The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23480554 from The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23695657 from Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 22088966 from The European respiratory journal.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 22773282 from American journal of perinatology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 22699751 from Japanese journal of ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2012 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 22119991 from Gynecologic oncology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2003 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 12620527 from Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.).
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2007 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 17084803 from Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2004 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 15546434 from Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23312760 from Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.).
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2009 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 19541291 from Applied ergonomics.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2008 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 17716735 from Ophthalmology.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 23128450 from Food & function.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2013 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 24103519 from Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.).
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2008 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 18444147 from Nutrition and cancer.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2006 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 16766775 from Journal of the American College of Nutrition.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open sourceRCT • 2002 • PubMed indexed study
PMID 12434284 from British journal of cancer.
Outcome: Study design: RCT. Quality score: 7.5/10.[1340,1358,1362, etc.]
Open source