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Food

High-Fructose Corn Syrup

High added-fructose exposure from beverages/processed foods can worsen liver fat and glycemic outcomes.[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

Superscript reference numbers link to the Sources bibliography.

Strong Evidence
Metabolic HealthLiver SupportBody Composition

Composite Rating

4.1/5

Blends evidence depth, community direction, safety friction, and completeness.

Evidence Intensity

100/100

High depth from human/RCT/meta counts

Community Direction

0

Mixed / Neutral • confidence Minimal

Safety Friction

52/100

Moderate signal from adverse/interaction markers

Data Completeness

100%

Studies 16 • mentions 0 • links 25

Not medical advice. This product is for educational and informational purposes only. It does not diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions regarding a medical condition.

FDA disclaimer: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Dietary supplements are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Results may vary. Not intended for use by pregnant or nursing women, individuals under 18, or those with known medical conditions without physician consultation.

If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 or your local emergency number immediately.

Implementation Blueprint

Classification: limit.[1095,1219,1877, etc.]

Best fit: Users with fatty liver risk and high sweetened beverage intake..[1095,1219,1877, etc.]

Goal alignment: Metabolic Health, Liver Support, Body Composition.[1095,1219,1877, etc.]

Classification

Limit

Evidence Tier

HIGH

Best Fit

Users with fatty liver risk and high sweetened beverage intake.

Primary Focus

Metabolic Health, Liver Support

Safety and Pitfalls

  • Main risk is total added sugar load, not single ingredient exposure in isolation.

At-A-Glance Evidence Architecture[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

Clinical Depth

Humans: 304 • RCTs: 28 • Meta: 12

Cohort / Real-World

Cohort signals: 25

Safety Markers

Adverse signals: 13 • Interactions: 0

Evidence Tracking

Freshness, trend, and study timeline for this item

Evidence Tracking

Status

Updated

Trend

→ Stable evidence base

Depth

304 total studies

Timeline

20082023

Top Signal Metrics[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

Total indexed

304

Human studies

304

Randomized trials

28

Cohort signals

25

In vitro / tissue

15

Safety adverse signals

13

Community Direction Mix[1095,1219,6193]

Weighted direction score: 0 (Mixed / Neutral)

Benefit

Evidence Quality Summary[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

High when there are >=2 human meta-analyses, or strong human trial/cohort volume with substantial human literature.

Total indexed

304

Human studies

304

Randomized trials

28

Cohort signals

25

In vitro / tissue

15

Safety adverse signals

13

Meta-analyses

12

Animal-only studies

0

Study Type Breakdown

Distribution of evidence by study design strength

Meta-AnalysesLevel 1a12
Randomized TrialsLevel 1b28
Cohort StudiesLevel 2b25
Human Studies (other)Level 3-4239
All IndexedAll levels304
100

Evidence Strength: High

Top Human Studies[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

PMID 38201905 • 2023 Dec 25

The Impact of Free and Added Sugars on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Nutrients

Open PubMed

PMID 25099546 • 2014 Sep

Fructose, high-fructose corn syrup, sucrose, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or indexes of liver health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Am J Clin Nutr

Open PubMed

PMID 33029629 • 2021 Jan 9

Effect of fructose instead of glucose or sucrose on cardiometabolic markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of isoenergetic intervention trials.

Community Report Frequency[1095,1219,6193]

Benefit reports: 0

Adverse reports: 0

No-effect reports: 0

Mixed reports: 0

Unclear reports: 0

Signal confidence: 0.00

Top Reported Effects[1095,1219,6193]

Benefits

  • Metabolic Health: 1
  • Liver Support: 1
  • Body Composition: 1

Adverse

  • Main risk is total added sugar load, not single ingredient exposure in isolation: 1

No Effect

  • insufficient no-effect reports captured: 0

Community confidence 0.00 with mentions: benefit 0, adverse 0, no-effect 0.

Search fetch failed: Failed to fetch after retries: https://old.reddit.com/search.json?raw_json=1&sort=relevance&t=year&limit=8&q=%22high-fructose%20corn%20syrup%22%20(diet%20OR%20nutrition%20OR%20meals%20OR%20side%20effects%20OR%20experience%20OR%20results)%20(subreddit%3Anutrition%20OR%20subreddit%3AScientificNutrition%20OR%20subreddit%3Aloseit%20OR%20subreddit%3AMealPrepSunday%20OR%20subreddit%3Aketo%20OR%20subreddit%3Afasting%20OR%20subreddit%3Amediterraneandiet%20OR%20subreddit%3Avegan%20OR%20subreddit%3Avegetarian%20OR%20subreddit%3Acarnivorediet%20OR%20subreddit%3Abiohackers%20OR%20subreddit%3Alongevity)

Community Evidence Examples[1095,1219,6193]

aggregate • unclear

No directional first-hand mentions captured in the current community corpus; source links are retained for traceability.

Open mention

Primary Source Links

Evidence Sources

  • https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi?db=pubmed&term=(%22high%20fructose%20corn%20syrup%22%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D)%20AND%20(diet*%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20intake%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20consumption%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20feeding%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20nutrition%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D)
  • https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi?db=pubmed&term=(%22high%20fructose%20corn%20syrup%22%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D)%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D%20AND%20(diet*%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20intake%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20consumption%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20feeding%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20nutrition%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D)
  • https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi?db=pubmed&term=(%22high%20fructose%20corn%20syrup%22%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D)%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D%20AND%20(diet*%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20intake%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20consumption%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20feeding%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20nutrition%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D)%20AND%20randomized%20controlled%20trial%5BPublication%20Type%5D

Scientific Evidence Notes[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

1. PubMed triage evidence summary: High-Fructose Corn Syrup

PUBMED • Humans + preclinical triage

Counts from structured PubMed query set for diet/intake context.

Outcome: Humans 304, RCT 28, meta 12, cohort 25.[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

Open source
2. The Impact of Free and Added Sugars on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PUBMED • 2023 • Human evidence curation set

PMID 38201905 from Nutrients.

Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[, etc.]

[1095,1219,1877, etc.]
0
Adverse0
No Effect0
Mixed0

No directional mention volume was resolved; fallback profile metadata is shown in other sections.

Composite of study volume, RCTs, and meta-analyses

Nutr Rev

Open PubMed

PMID 29757229 • 2018 May 12

Effect of Dietary Sugar Intake on Biomarkers of Subclinical Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies.

Nutrients

Open PubMed

PMID 30463844 • 2018 Nov 21

Food sources of fructose-containing sugars and glycaemic control: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention studies.

BMJ

Open PubMed

PMID 18996880 • 2008 Nov

Fructose consumption and consequences for glycation, plasma triacylglycerol, and body weight: meta-analyses and meta-regression models of intervention studies.

Am J Clin Nutr

Open PubMed

PMID 26537945 • 2015 Dec

No difference in ad libitum energy intake in healthy men and women consuming beverages sweetened with fructose, glucose, or high-fructose corn syrup: a randomized trial.

Am J Clin Nutr

Open PubMed

PMID 29795005 • 2018 May 24

High-Fructose Corn-Syrup-Sweetened Beverage Intake Increases 5-Hour Breast Milk Fructose Concentrations in Lactating Women.

Nutrients

Open PubMed

PMID 27357093 • 2016 Aug

No differential effect of beverages sweetened with fructose, high-fructose corn syrup, or glucose on systemic or adipose tissue inflammation in normal-weight to obese adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Am J Clin Nutr

Open PubMed

PMID 33904664 • 2021 Apr

Arterial stiffness is not acutely modified by consumption of a caffeinated soft drink sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup in young healthy adults.

Physiol Rep

Open PubMed

PMID 26338891 • 2015 Oct

Consumption of Honey, Sucrose, and High-Fructose Corn Syrup Produces Similar Metabolic Effects in Glucose-Tolerant and -Intolerant Individuals.

J Nutr

Open PubMed

PMID 24267044 • 2013 Dec

High-fructose corn syrup and sucrose have equivalent effects on energy-regulating hormones at normal human consumption levels.

Nutr Res

Open PubMed

PMID 31521398 • 2019 Dec

Mediterranean diet: The role of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids in fish; polyphenols in fruits, vegetables, cereals, coffee, tea, cacao and wine; probiotics and vitamins in prevention of stroke, age-related cognitive decline, and Alzheimer disease.

Rev Neurol (Paris)

Open PubMed

PMID 29219619 • 2018 Feb

Prenatal and Early Life Fructose, Fructose-Containing Beverages, and Midchildhood Asthma.

Ann Am Thorac Soc

Open PubMed

PMID 27001645 • 2016 Mar

Physiological handling of dietary fructose-containing sugars: implications for health.

Int J Obes (Lond)

Open PubMed

PMID 30060614 • 2018 Jul 29

French Recommendations for Sugar Intake in Adults: A Novel Approach Chosen by ANSES.

Nutrients

Open PubMed

Fallback search fetch failed: Failed to fetch after retries: https://old.reddit.com/search.json?raw_json=1&sort=relevance&t=year&limit=12&q=high-fructose%20corn%20syrup

  • https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi?db=pubmed&term=(%22high%20fructose%20corn%20syrup%22%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D)%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D%20AND%20(diet*%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20intake%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20consumption%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20feeding%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20nutrition%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D)%20AND%20meta-analysis%5BPublication%20Type%5D
  • https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi?db=pubmed&term=(%22high%20fructose%20corn%20syrup%22%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D)%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D%20AND%20(diet*%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20intake%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20consumption%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20feeding%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20nutrition%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D)%20AND%20(cohort%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20prospective%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20longitudinal%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D)
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38201905/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25099546/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33029629/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29757229/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30463844/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18996880/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26537945/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29795005/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27357093/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33904664/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26338891/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24267044/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31521398/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29219619/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27001645/
  • Community Sources

    • https://old.reddit.com/search.json?raw_json=1&sort=relevance&t=year&limit=8&q=%22high-fructose%20corn%20syrup%22%20(diet%20OR%20nutrition%20OR%20meals%20OR%20side%20effects%20OR%20experience%20OR%20results)%20(subreddit%3Anutrition%20OR%20subreddit%3AScientificNutrition%20OR%20subreddit%3Aloseit%20OR%20subreddit%3AMealPrepSunday%20OR%20subreddit%3Aketo%20OR%20subreddit%3Afasting%20OR%20subreddit%3Amediterraneandiet%20OR%20subreddit%3Avegan%20OR%20subreddit%3Avegetarian%20OR%20subreddit%3Acarnivorediet%20OR%20subreddit%3Abiohackers%20OR%20subreddit%3Alongevity)
    • https://old.reddit.com/search.json?raw_json=1&sort=relevance&t=year&limit=12&q=high-fructose%20corn%20syrup
    • https://www.reddit.com/search/?q=High-Fructose%20Corn%20Syrup
    1877,
    2249,
    2344
    Open source
    3. Fructose, high-fructose corn syrup, sucrose, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or indexes of liver health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    PUBMED • 2014 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 25099546 from Am J Clin Nutr.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

    Open source
    4. Effect of fructose instead of glucose or sucrose on cardiometabolic markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of isoenergetic intervention trials.

    PUBMED • 2021 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 33029629 from Nutr Rev.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

    Open source
    5. Effect of Dietary Sugar Intake on Biomarkers of Subclinical Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies.

    PUBMED • 2018 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 29757229 from Nutrients.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

    Open source
    6. Food sources of fructose-containing sugars and glycaemic control: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention studies.

    PUBMED • 2018 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 30463844 from BMJ.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

    Open source
    7. Fructose consumption and consequences for glycation, plasma triacylglycerol, and body weight: meta-analyses and meta-regression models of intervention studies.

    PUBMED • 2008 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 18996880 from Am J Clin Nutr.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

    Open source
    8. No difference in ad libitum energy intake in healthy men and women consuming beverages sweetened with fructose, glucose, or high-fructose corn syrup: a randomized trial.

    PUBMED • 2015 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 26537945 from Am J Clin Nutr.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

    Open source
    9. High-Fructose Corn-Syrup-Sweetened Beverage Intake Increases 5-Hour Breast Milk Fructose Concentrations in Lactating Women.

    PUBMED • 2018 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 29795005 from Nutrients.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

    Open source
    10. No differential effect of beverages sweetened with fructose, high-fructose corn syrup, or glucose on systemic or adipose tissue inflammation in normal-weight to obese adults: a randomized controlled trial.

    PUBMED • 2016 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 27357093 from Am J Clin Nutr.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

    Open source
    11. Arterial stiffness is not acutely modified by consumption of a caffeinated soft drink sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup in young healthy adults.

    PUBMED • 2021 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 33904664 from Physiol Rep.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

    Open source
    12. Consumption of Honey, Sucrose, and High-Fructose Corn Syrup Produces Similar Metabolic Effects in Glucose-Tolerant and -Intolerant Individuals.

    PUBMED • 2015 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 26338891 from J Nutr.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

    Open source
    13. High-fructose corn syrup and sucrose have equivalent effects on energy-regulating hormones at normal human consumption levels.

    PUBMED • 2013 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 24267044 from Nutr Res.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

    Open source
    14. Mediterranean diet: The role of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids in fish; polyphenols in fruits, vegetables, cereals, coffee, tea, cacao and wine; probiotics and vitamins in prevention of stroke, age-related cognitive decline, and Alzheimer disease.

    PUBMED • 2019 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 31521398 from Rev Neurol (Paris).

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

    Open source
    15. Prenatal and Early Life Fructose, Fructose-Containing Beverages, and Midchildhood Asthma.

    PUBMED • 2018 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 29219619 from Ann Am Thorac Soc.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

    Open source
    16. Physiological handling of dietary fructose-containing sugars: implications for health.

    PUBMED • 2016 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 27001645 from Int J Obes (Lond).

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

    Open source
    17. French Recommendations for Sugar Intake in Adults: A Novel Approach Chosen by ANSES.

    PUBMED • 2018 • Human evidence curation set

    PMID 30060614 from Nutrients.

    Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[1877,2249,2344, etc.]

    Open source