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Food

Cheese

Protein-calcium matrix may support satiety and bone nutrition in some diets.[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

Superscript reference numbers link to the Sources bibliography.

Strong Evidence
Bone HealthBody CompositionHeart Health

Composite Rating

4.6/5

Blends evidence depth, community direction, safety friction, and completeness.

Evidence Intensity

100/100

High depth from human/RCT/meta counts

Community Direction

0

Mixed / Neutral • confidence Minimal

Safety Friction

0/100

Sparse signal from adverse/interaction markers

Data Completeness

100%

Studies 16 • mentions 0 • links 25

Not medical advice. This product is for educational and informational purposes only. It does not diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions regarding a medical condition.

FDA disclaimer: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Dietary supplements are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Results may vary. Not intended for use by pregnant or nursing women, individuals under 18, or those with known medical conditions without physician consultation.

If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 or your local emergency number immediately.

Implementation Blueprint

Classification: case-dependent.[1068,1181,2045, etc.]

Best fit: Users needing practical protein/calcium options..[1068,1181,2045, etc.]

Goal alignment: Bone Health, Body Composition, Heart Health.[1068,1181,2045, etc.]

Classification

Case Dependent

Evidence Tier

HIGH

Best Fit

Users needing practical protein/calcium options.

Primary Focus

Bone Health, Body Composition

Safety and Pitfalls

  • Can be high sodium and calorie-dense.[1068,1181,2045, etc.]

At-A-Glance Evidence Architecture[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

Clinical Depth

Humans: 125 • RCTs: 9 • Meta: 9

Cohort / Real-World

Cohort signals: 54

Safety Markers

Adverse signals: 0 • Interactions: 0

Evidence Tracking

Freshness, trend, and study timeline for this item

Evidence Tracking

Status

New Evidence

Trend

→ Stable evidence base

Depth

125 total studies · 2 recent

Timeline

20112025

Top Signal Metrics[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

Total indexed

125

Human studies

125

Cohort signals

54

Randomized trials

9

Meta-analyses

9

In vitro / tissue

1

Community Direction Mix[1068,1181,6085]

Weighted direction score: 0 (Mixed / Neutral)

Benefit0
Adverse0
No Effect0
Mixed0

No directional mention volume was resolved; fallback profile metadata is shown in other sections.

Evidence Quality Summary[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

High when there are >=2 human meta-analyses, or strong human trial/cohort volume with substantial human literature.

Total indexed

125

Human studies

125

Cohort signals

54

Randomized trials

9

Meta-analyses

9

In vitro / tissue

1

Animal-only studies

0

Safety adverse signals

0

Study Type Breakdown

Distribution of evidence by study design strength

Meta-AnalysesLevel 1a9
Randomized TrialsLevel 1b9
Cohort StudiesLevel 2b54
Human Studies (other)Level 3-453
All IndexedAll levels125
100

Evidence Strength: High

Composite of study volume, RCTs, and meta-analyses

Top Human Studies[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

PMID 30374967 • 2019 May 1

Fermented dairy foods intake and risk of cancer.

Int J Cancer

Open PubMed

PMID 26786887 • 2016 Feb 28

Dairy consumption and CVD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Br J Nutr

Open PubMed

PMID 37706070 • 2023

Dairy intake and risk of hip fracture in prospective cohort studies: non-linear algorithmic dose-response analysis in 486 950 adults.

J Nutr Sci

Open PubMed

PMID 26011901 • 2015 May

Effect of cheese consumption on blood lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Nutr Rev

Open PubMed

PMID 24894826 • 2014 Sep

Dairy foods intake and risk of Parkinson's disease: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Eur J Epidemiol

Open PubMed

PMID 27207960 • 2016 May 20

Dairy Consumption and Risk of Stroke: A Systematic Review and Updated Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

J Am Heart Assoc

Open PubMed

PMID 32133503 • 2020 May 1

Identification of Milk and Cheese Intake Biomarkers in Healthy Adults Reveals High Interindividual Variability of Lewis System-Related Oligosaccharides.

J Nutr

Open PubMed

PMID 21736003 • 2011 Jan-Feb

Randomized, controlled nutrition education trial promotes a Mediterranean diet and improves anthropometric, dietary, and metabolic parameters in adults.

Ann Ig

Open PubMed

PMID 32880181 • 2020 Oct 2

Nutrivolatilomics of Urinary and Plasma Samples to Identify Candidate Biomarkers after Cheese, Milk, and Soy-Based Drink Intake in Healthy Humans.

J Proteome Res

Open PubMed

PMID 28753012 • 2017 Sep 1

Identification of Urinary Food Intake Biomarkers for Milk, Cheese, and Soy-Based Drink by Untargeted GC-MS and NMR in Healthy Humans.

J Proteome Res

Open PubMed

PMID 30146282 • 2018 Nov

Short communication: Daily intake of 125 g of cheese for 2 weeks did not alter amount or distribution of serum lipids or desaturase indexes in healthy adults in an exploratory pilot study.

J Dairy Sci

Open PubMed

PMID 32513317 • 2020 Nov 14

Cracker shape modifies ad libitum snack intake of crackers with cheese dip.

Br J Nutr

Open PubMed

PMID 30217460 • 2018 Nov 24

Association of dairy intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 21 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study.

Lancet

Open PubMed

PMID 40160026 • 2025 Sep

The Causal Relationship and Association between Biomarkers, Dietary Intake, and Diabetic Retinopathy: Insights from Mendelian Randomization and Cross-Sectional Study.

Diabetes Metab J

Open PubMed

PMID 36973932 • 2023

Association between Dairy Product intake and Risk of Osteoporotic Fractures in Postmenopausal Japanese Women: Secondary Analysis of 15-Year Follow-Up data from the Japanese Population-Based Osteoporosis (JPOS) Cohort Study.

J Nutr Health Aging

Open PubMed

PMID 39708117 • 2024 Dec 21

Causal relationship between cheese intake and risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus: findings from multivariable mendelian randomization and mediation analysis.

Eur J Nutr

Open PubMed

Community Report Frequency[1068,1181,6085]

Benefit reports: 0

Adverse reports: 0

No-effect reports: 0

Mixed reports: 0

Unclear reports: 0

Signal confidence: 0.00

Top Reported Effects[1068,1181,6085]

Benefits

  • Bone Health: 1
  • Body Composition: 1
  • Heart Health: 1

Adverse

  • Can be high sodium and calorie-dense: 1

No Effect

  • insufficient no-effect reports captured: 0

Community confidence 0.00 with mentions: benefit 0, adverse 0, no-effect 0.

Search fetch failed: Failed to fetch after retries: https://old.reddit.com/search.json?raw_json=1&sort=relevance&t=year&limit=8&q=%22cheese%22%20(diet%20OR%20nutrition%20OR%20meals%20OR%20side%20effects%20OR%20experience%20OR%20results)%20(subreddit%3Anutrition%20OR%20subreddit%3AScientificNutrition%20OR%20subreddit%3Aloseit%20OR%20subreddit%3AMealPrepSunday%20OR%20subreddit%3Aketo%20OR%20subreddit%3Afasting%20OR%20subreddit%3Amediterraneandiet%20OR%20subreddit%3Avegan%20OR%20subreddit%3Avegetarian%20OR%20subreddit%3Acarnivorediet%20OR%20subreddit%3Abiohackers%20OR%20subreddit%3Alongevity)

Fallback search fetch failed: Failed to fetch after retries: https://old.reddit.com/search.json?raw_json=1&sort=relevance&t=year&limit=12&q=cheese

Community Evidence Examples[1068,1181,6085]

aggregate • unclear

No directional first-hand mentions captured in the current community corpus; source links are retained for traceability.

Open mention

Primary Source Links

Evidence Sources

  • https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi?db=pubmed&term=(%22cheese%20intake%22%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D)%20AND%20(diet*%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20intake%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20consumption%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20feeding%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20nutrition%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D)
  • https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi?db=pubmed&term=(%22cheese%20intake%22%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D)%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D%20AND%20(diet*%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20intake%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20consumption%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20feeding%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20nutrition%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D)
  • https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi?db=pubmed&term=(%22cheese%20intake%22%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D)%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D%20AND%20(diet*%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20intake%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20consumption%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20feeding%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20nutrition%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D)%20AND%20randomized%20controlled%20trial%5BPublication%20Type%5D
  • https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi?db=pubmed&term=(%22cheese%20intake%22%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D)%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D%20AND%20(diet*%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20intake%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20consumption%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20feeding%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20nutrition%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D)%20AND%20meta-analysis%5BPublication%20Type%5D
  • https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi?db=pubmed&term=(%22cheese%20intake%22%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D)%20AND%20humans%5BMeSH%20Terms%5D%20AND%20(diet*%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20intake%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20consumption%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20feeding%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20nutrition%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D)%20AND%20(cohort%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20prospective%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D%20OR%20longitudinal%5BTitle%2FAbstract%5D)
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30374967/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26786887/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37706070/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26011901/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24894826/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27207960/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32133503/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21736003/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32880181/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28753012/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30146282/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32513317/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30217460/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40160026/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36973932/

Community Sources

  • https://old.reddit.com/search.json?raw_json=1&sort=relevance&t=year&limit=8&q=%22cheese%22%20(diet%20OR%20nutrition%20OR%20meals%20OR%20side%20effects%20OR%20experience%20OR%20results)%20(subreddit%3Anutrition%20OR%20subreddit%3AScientificNutrition%20OR%20subreddit%3Aloseit%20OR%20subreddit%3AMealPrepSunday%20OR%20subreddit%3Aketo%20OR%20subreddit%3Afasting%20OR%20subreddit%3Amediterraneandiet%20OR%20subreddit%3Avegan%20OR%20subreddit%3Avegetarian%20OR%20subreddit%3Acarnivorediet%20OR%20subreddit%3Abiohackers%20OR%20subreddit%3Alongevity)
  • https://old.reddit.com/search.json?raw_json=1&sort=relevance&t=year&limit=12&q=cheese
  • https://www.reddit.com/search/?q=Cheese

Scientific Evidence Notes[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

1. PubMed triage evidence summary: Cheese

PUBMED • Humans + preclinical triage

Counts from structured PubMed query set for diet/intake context.

Outcome: Humans 125, RCT 9, meta 9, cohort 54.[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

Open source
2. Fermented dairy foods intake and risk of cancer.

PUBMED • 2019 • Human evidence curation set

PMID 30374967 from Int J Cancer.

Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

Open source
3. Dairy consumption and CVD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PUBMED • 2016 • Human evidence curation set

PMID 26786887 from Br J Nutr.

Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

Open source
4. Dairy intake and risk of hip fracture in prospective cohort studies: non-linear algorithmic dose-response analysis in 486 950 adults.

PUBMED • 2023 • Human evidence curation set

PMID 37706070 from J Nutr Sci.

Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

Open source
5. Effect of cheese consumption on blood lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

PUBMED • 2015 • Human evidence curation set

PMID 26011901 from Nutr Rev.

Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

Open source
6. Dairy foods intake and risk of Parkinson's disease: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

PUBMED • 2014 • Human evidence curation set

PMID 24894826 from Eur J Epidemiol.

Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

Open source
7. Dairy Consumption and Risk of Stroke: A Systematic Review and Updated Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

PUBMED • 2016 • Human evidence curation set

PMID 27207960 from J Am Heart Assoc.

Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

Open source
8. Identification of Milk and Cheese Intake Biomarkers in Healthy Adults Reveals High Interindividual Variability of Lewis System-Related Oligosaccharides.

PUBMED • 2020 • Human evidence curation set

PMID 32133503 from J Nutr.

Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

Open source
9. Randomized, controlled nutrition education trial promotes a Mediterranean diet and improves anthropometric, dietary, and metabolic parameters in adults.

PUBMED • 2011 • Human evidence curation set

PMID 21736003 from Ann Ig.

Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

Open source
10. Nutrivolatilomics of Urinary and Plasma Samples to Identify Candidate Biomarkers after Cheese, Milk, and Soy-Based Drink Intake in Healthy Humans.

PUBMED • 2020 • Human evidence curation set

PMID 32880181 from J Proteome Res.

Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

Open source
11. Identification of Urinary Food Intake Biomarkers for Milk, Cheese, and Soy-Based Drink by Untargeted GC-MS and NMR in Healthy Humans.

PUBMED • 2017 • Human evidence curation set

PMID 28753012 from J Proteome Res.

Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

Open source
12. Short communication: Daily intake of 125 g of cheese for 2 weeks did not alter amount or distribution of serum lipids or desaturase indexes in healthy adults in an exploratory pilot study.

PUBMED • 2018 • Human evidence curation set

PMID 30146282 from J Dairy Sci.

Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

Open source
13. Cracker shape modifies ad libitum snack intake of crackers with cheese dip.

PUBMED • 2020 • Human evidence curation set

PMID 32513317 from Br J Nutr.

Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

Open source
14. Association of dairy intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 21 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study.

PUBMED • 2018 • Human evidence curation set

PMID 30217460 from Lancet.

Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

Open source
15. The Causal Relationship and Association between Biomarkers, Dietary Intake, and Diabetic Retinopathy: Insights from Mendelian Randomization and Cross-Sectional Study.

PUBMED • 2025 • Human evidence curation set

PMID 40160026 from Diabetes Metab J.

Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

Open source
16. Association between Dairy Product intake and Risk of Osteoporotic Fractures in Postmenopausal Japanese Women: Secondary Analysis of 15-Year Follow-Up data from the Japanese Population-Based Osteoporosis (JPOS) Cohort Study.

PUBMED • 2023 • Human evidence curation set

PMID 36973932 from J Nutr Health Aging.

Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

Open source
17. Causal relationship between cheese intake and risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus: findings from multivariable mendelian randomization and mediation analysis.

PUBMED • 2024 • Human evidence curation set

PMID 39708117 from Eur J Nutr.

Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2045,2317,2475, etc.]

Open source