Diet Protocol
Periodic 24-hour fasting windows (for example, once or twice weekly).[2734,2864,3348, etc.]
Superscript reference numbers link to the Sources bibliography.
Composite Rating
Blends evidence depth, community direction, safety friction, and completeness.
Evidence Intensity
67/100
Moderate depth from human/RCT/meta counts
Community Direction
100
Positive Lean • confidence Low
Safety Friction
21/100
Early signal from adverse/interaction markers
Data Completeness
100%
Studies 11 • mentions 8 • links 20
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Best fit: Experienced users with stable medical status..[63,1152,2734, etc.]
Goal alignment: Metabolic Health, Body Composition.[63,1152,2734, etc.]
Protocol Type
Diet Plan
Evidence Tier
HIGH
Best Fit
Experienced users with stable medical status.
Primary Focus
Metabolic Health, Body Composition
Clinical Depth
Humans: 27 • RCTs: 5 • Meta: 0
Cohort / Real-World
Cohort signals: 3
Safety Markers
Adverse signals: 2 • Interactions: 0
Freshness, trend, and study timeline for this item
Status
Trend
→ Stable evidence base
Depth
27 total studies · 2 recent
Timeline
Total indexed
27
Human studies
27
Randomized trials
5
Cohort signals
3
Mechanistic signals
3
Safety adverse signals
2
Weighted direction score: 100 (Positive Lean)
High when large human trial/meta/cohort volume exists for the named dietary protocol.
Total indexed
27
Human studies
27
Randomized trials
5
Cohort signals
3
Mechanistic signals
3
Safety adverse signals
2
Meta-analyses
0
Adherence/dropout signals
0
Distribution of evidence by study design strength
Evidence Strength: Moderate
Composite of study volume, RCTs, and meta-analyses
PMID 34135111 • 2021 Jun 16
A randomized controlled trial to isolate the effects of fasting and energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic health in lean adults.
Sci Transl Med
Open PubMedPMID 28058800 • 2017 Jun
Basal rate tests (24-hour fasts) performed in type-1 diabetic subjects with either absolute fasting or snacks containing negligible carbohydrate amounts result in similar glucose profiles: A randomized controlled prospective trial.
Diabetes Obes Metab
Open PubMedPMID 28964747 • 2018 Apr
Benefit reports: 2
Adverse reports: 0
No-effect reports: 0
Mixed reports: 0
Unclear reports: 6
Signal confidence: 0.39
Benefits
Adverse
No Effect
Community confidence 0.39 with mentions: benefit 1, adverse 0, no-effect 0.
Subreddit coverage: Biohackers, ScientificNutrition, fasting, keto, loseit.
post • r/Biohackers • unclear
From 24 hours to 10 days - How my fasting mindset evolved After sharing my results from recent extended fasts, I got a lot of questions about how it actually felt - how tough fasting is and how my mindset has changed. Here’s a bit of persp…
Open mentionpost • r/ScientificNutrition • unclear
The effects of initiating a 24-hour Fast with a Low versus a High carbohydrate shake on Glycemic control in Older Adults
Open mentionpost • r/fasting • unclear
From 24 hours to 10 days - How my fasting mindset evolved Hey folks! After sharing my results from recent extended fasts, I got a lot of questions about how it actually felt - how tough fasting is and how my mindset has changed. Here’s a b…
Evidence Sources
PUBMED • Human diet protocol literature
Counts from structured PubMed protocol-specific query set.
Outcome: Humans 27, RCT 5, meta 0, cohort 3.[2734,2864,3348, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2021 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 34135111 from Sci Transl Med.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2734,, etc.]
Safety and efficacy of early feeding based on clinical assessment at 4 hours after ERCP: a prospective randomized controlled trial.
Gastrointest Endosc
PMID 34310011 • 2021 Nov
Efficacy and safety of 28-day treatment with oral insulin (ORMD-0801) in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Diabetes Obes Metab
Open PubMedPMID 39991046 • 2024
Weight loss-independent changes in human growth hormone during water-only fasting: a secondary evaluation of a randomized controlled trial.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
Open PubMedPMID 8082050 • 1994 Jun
Longitudinal study of the effect of calcium pidolate on bone mass in eugonadal women.
Calcif Tissue Int
Open PubMedPMID 40085919 • 2024 Nov
Prevalence of Total, Diagnosed, and Undiagnosed Diabetes in Adults: United States, August 2021-August 2023.
NCHS Data Brief
Open PubMedPMID 31298652 • 2019 Sep
Effects of Short-Term Fasting and Different Overfeeding Diets on Thyroid Hormones in Healthy Humans.
Thyroid
Open PubMedPMID 36471908 • 2023 Jan
The association between gut hormones and diet-induced metabolic flexibility in metabolically healthy adults.
Obesity (Silver Spring)
Open PubMedPMID 32341039 • 2020 Jul
Metabolic Responses to 24-Hour Fasting and Mild Cold Exposure in Overweight Individuals Are Correlated and Accompanied by Changes in FGF21 Concentration.
Diabetes
Open PubMedPMID 35678263 • 2022 Aug 18
Effects of Short-term Fasting on Ghrelin/GH/IGF-1 Axis in Healthy Humans: The Role of Ghrelin in the Thrifty Phenotype.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Open PubMedpost • r/fasting • unclear
I realized that hunger was about various deficiencies, not lack of energy, and the result is incredible... I don't know what sub would be best to put this in, but maybe it can help someone. I accidentally discovered salt hunger recently. I…
Open mentionpost • r/loseit • benefit
Intermittent fasting may have triggered an eating disorder Hi, I’d like to share a negative effect that I feel intermittent fasting may have contributed to. 35M, 5’8”, and about three years ago I went from 255 lb all the way down to 155 lb…
Open mentionpost • r/keto • unclear
Have you tried fasting while on Keto? Hi, I am currently doing IF for a few weeks now and have been doing Keto for about two weeks. In the future I am thinking about doing a 24 hour fast or maybe a little longer. Do any of you have any exp…
Open mentioncomment • r/Biohackers • unclear
For me, it’s never been just about fasting - fasting is simply one tool in the health toolbox. What really matters is the stack of habits I’ve built over time - diet, fasting, an active lifestyle, mental health, sleep, and so on - like lay…
Open mentionCommunity Sources
PUBMED • 2017 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 28058800 from Diabetes Obes Metab.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2734,2864,3348, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2018 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 28964747 from Gastrointest Endosc.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2734,2864,3348, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2021 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 34310011 from Diabetes Obes Metab.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2734,2864,3348, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2024 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 39991046 from Front Endocrinol (Lausanne).
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2734,2864,3348, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 1994 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 8082050 from Calcif Tissue Int.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2734,2864,3348, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2024 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 40085919 from NCHS Data Brief.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2734,2864,3348, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2019 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 31298652 from Thyroid.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2734,2864,3348, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2023 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 36471908 from Obesity (Silver Spring).
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2734,2864,3348, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2020 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 32341039 from Diabetes.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2734,2864,3348, etc.]
Open sourcePUBMED • 2022 • Human evidence curation set
PMID 35678263 from J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
Outcome: See linked PubMed abstract for methods and outcomes.[2734,2864,3348, etc.]
Open source